Uhlelo oluphelele Lwesitoreji Samandla Ebhethri (BESS) kudinga ukunakwa kwezinkomba ezimbili zokusebenza eziyinhloko: eyodwa ehlobene namandla okugcina amandla kanye nokusetshenziswa, okungukuthi, okuhlobene namandla; kanye nokunye okuhlobene nekhono lokugcwalisa noma lokukhulula amandla, okungukuthi, ahlobene namandla. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwalezi zici ezimbili ngokuvamile busetshenziselwa ukwehlukanisa ukuthi ingabe isistimu yokugcina amandla ingamandla-ithambekele noma{6}}igxile emandleni.
Umthamo wesistimu yesitoreji samandla ebhethri
Le methrikhi imele ithiyori enkulu yamandla amandla engakwazi ukubamba isistimu yesitoreji, ngokuvamile avezwa ngama-kilowatt-amahora (kWh) noma ama-megawatt-amahora (MWh). Lena enye yemingcele ebaluleke kakhulu yesistimu yokugcina amandla; kodwa-ke, umthamo wayo wangempela osebenzisekayo uthintwa ukujula kokukhipha kwebhethri (i-DOD) nokusebenza kahle kwesistimu.
Amandla e-BESS (Isistimu Yesitoreji Samandla Ebhethri) igcizelela inani lamandla elingakhishwa noma lisetshenziswe, elihlukile kunencazelo yomthamo webhethri. Umthamo webhethri ngokuvamile ubhekisela kumthamo webhethri ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile (izinga lokuchithwa, izinga lokushisa, i-voltage yokunqamula, njll.), futhi kukalwa ngamahora angu-ampere-(Ah), okumelela ukuhlanganisa kwamanje ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Isistimu yokugcina amandla ebhethri:Amandla esistimu aphezulu
Amandla aphezulu wesistimu abonisa ubukhulu bokushaja nokukhipha amandla esistimu yokugcina amandla, futhi ngokuvamile avezwa ngama-kilowatts (kW) noma ama-megawatts (MW). Le nkomba yokusebenza inqunywa ukwakheka kwayo yonke isekethe eyinhloko, okuhlanganisa ibhethri, isekethe yokudlulisa i-DC, i-PCS, nokuxhumeka kwe-AC, ngisho nokulahlekelwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngamandla amakhulu (lokhu kulahlekelwa kuzoguqulwa kakhulu kube ukushisa), okuthinta ukwakheka kohlelo lokulawula izinga lokushisa nezinye izinto ezisizayo. Izinhlelo zokugcina amandla ezinomthamo ofanayo zingaba nemisebenzi ehluke kakhulu ngenxa yomehluko wamandla amakhulu; ngisho nesistimu efanayo yokugcina amandla izothola umehluko oyisikwele ekusebenzeni kahle ngenxa yamazinga ahlukene wamandla okusebenza.
Uma ipharamitha yamandla inkulu uma iqhathaniswa nepharamitha yomthamo, njengo-1 MW/500 kWh, ibizwa ngokuthi-uhlobo lwesistimu yokugcina amandla; ngokuphambene, uma ingu-500 kW/1 MWh, ibizwa ngokuthi -uhlobo lwesistimu yokugcina amandla. Ngakho-ke, umqondo wesikhathi ngezinye izikhathi wethulwa, njengokuthi okokuqala kubhalwe ngokuthi 1 MW/0.5 h, bese kuthi kamuva kube ngu-500 kW/2 h.
Isistimu yokugcina amandla ebhethri: Ukulahleka kwamandla nokusebenza kahle
Ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu yokugcina amandla kubonisa ukulahleka kwamandla phakathi nenqubo yokushaja nokukhipha. Kungaqondwa njengesilinganiso samandla akhishwe isistimu kumandla akhokhiswe kuwo, owaziwa nangokuthi ukusebenza kahle komjikelezo. Lokhu kulahlekelwa akuhlobene kuphela nohlobo lobuchwepheshe lwebhethri lokulondoloza amandla kodwa futhi kuncike ezintweni zikagesi ezifana nesistimu yokuguqula amandla (PCS). Ngomqondo omncane, ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu kukhombisa ngokuyinhloko ukulahleka kwesekethe enkulu ngesikhathi sokushaja nokukhipha, kusukela kubhethri, ibhasi le-DC, i-PCS, futhi ekugcineni kuya kusiguquli (uma sikhona). Kodwa-ke, ezinhlelweni ezisebenzayo zobunjiniyela, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwemishini eyisiza njengesistimu yokulawula izinga lokushisa kuvame ukufakwa ekulahlekelweni okuphelele, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukusebenza kahle kukonke.
Umfanekiso: Ubudlelwano bebhalansi yamandla e-BESS
Isistimu yokugcina amandla ebhethri:Inani lemijikelezo
Inombolo yokushaja{0}}imijikelezo yokukhipha yebhethri inquma ubude bayo bempilo. Kusistimu yokugcina amandla, ngenxa yenani eliphezulu lebhethri, ubude bayo bokuphila buphinde bunqume ubude bempilo balo lonke uhlelo. Ukuwohloka kokuphila komjikelezo kuholela ekwandeni kokumelana kwangaphakathi, okubuye kwandise ukulahlekelwa nokukhiqizwa kokushisa, kuqhubekisele phambili ukusheshisa inqubo yokuwohloka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushajwa ngokweqile kanye{4}}nokukhipha ngaphezulu{4}}kubangela ukuhlakazeka okuphindaphindiwe kanye nokufakwa kwezinto zensimbi ku-electrolyte, okuphinde kube nomthelela omkhulu kumjikelezo wempilo yebhethri nokuphepha.
Ohlotsheni oluthile lwebhethri ye-lithium-i-ion, inani lemijikelezo engaphansi kokushajwa okungu-1C nezimo zokushajwa ezingu-1C libonisa umehluko omkhulu ekujuleni okuhlukene kokukhipha (DOD), njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni.
Izindleko zesistimu yokugcina amandla ebhethri
Izindleko zamasistimu okugcina amandla zihlobene eduze namandla esistimu, amandla, nendawo yokusebenza. Ngokuvamile, kumasistimu-ohlobo lwesitoreji samandla, izindleko zamabhethri zenza ingxenye enkulu uma kuqhathaniswa; ngenkathi isemandleni{2}}amasistimu ohlobo lwesitoreji, izindleko zamabhethri ziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa. Nokho, kunoma yikuphi, izindleko zephakethe lebhethri okwamanje zenza ingxenye eyinhloko yazo zonke izindleko ze-BESS, futhi kuzoba indawo eyinhloko yokunciphisa izindleko ngokuzayo.
Iyunithi yezindleko ingavezwa njenge-yuan/kWh noma i-yuan/kW, kodwa ayimeleli incazelo yayo ngokugcwele nangokunembile. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukucacisa kokubili amandla namandla kanyekanye ngesikhathi sezingxoxo zamaphrojekthi athile.
Isistimu yokugcina amandla ebhethri:izindleko zesikhathi sokuphendula
Ku-BESS (Izinhlelo Zesitoreji Samandla Ebhethri), kokubili ukuguqulwa kwamandla nesikhathi sokuphendula sikubanga le-millisecond, elanele izinhlelo zokusebenza zesistimu yamandla. Yilapho i-BESS iphumelela khona uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokugcina amandla aphathekayo ezifana nesitoreji samandla e-flywheel kanye{1}}nogesi wesitoreji ompontshwayo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kwamandla kagesi, izindlela zokufaka, nomthamo weseli yebhethri, amandla nomthamo weyunithi ye-BESS eyodwa kulinganiselwe. Ngakho-ke,{4}}esikalini esikhulu semishini yamandla okugcina amandla, njengaleyo ehlanganiswe inqwaba yamasistimu okugcina amandla aphansi{5}}angu-5MW/2h axhunywe ngokuhambisana, ukwehluleka esikhathini sokuphendula kuzokhawulwa ngokuyinhloko indlela yokuxhumana nendlela yokuhlela. Izophinde ithintwe yimisebenzi efana nokuxhumana kwamandla kanye nokucindezelwa kwamanje phakathi kwemishini efanayo. Isikhathi sokuphendula{10}}sezinga lokugcina singase sibe kumakhulu ama-millisecond noma imizuzwana. Yiqiniso, iyunithi eyodwa ye-5MW/2h BESS iyisibonelo nje sokucatshangelwa; ukuxhumeka okuhambisanayo okweqile kwamabhethri ngokwawo kubangela ubungozi obukhulu bokuphepha. Ukuxazulula le nkinga kudinga izinguquko ezindleleni zokulawula iqembu kanye nokuphumelela kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe besistimu entsha yokulondoloza amandla njengoxhumano oluqondile{15}}lamandla kagesi aphezulu.
Isistimu yokugcina amandla ebhethri:Ezinye izici
Kwezinye izimo zohlelo lokusebenza noma ukuhlaziya kwezomnotho, imiqondo efana namandla athile ({0}}kuya{1}}isilinganiso sobunzima, Wh/kg), amandla athile (amandla-kuya{3}}{3}}isilinganiso sobunzima, kW/kg), kanye nokuminyana kwamandla ngeyunithi ngayinye (amandla{4}}ukuya{5}}ku{5}}isilinganiso sendawo, Wh. Le mibono ibalulekile ekubaleni izindleko zokuthutha iphrojekthi kanye nezidingo zokusetshenziswa komhlaba.