Amasistimu okulondoloza amandla ezimboni asebenza ngokuhlinzeka ngogesi osheshayo, onokwethenjelwa ngesikhathi sokungasebenzi kwamandla kagesi noma ukuphazamiseka. Lawa masistimu-ikakhulukazi amayunithi e-UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) kanye nesitoreji sebhethri-abona ukulahleka kwamandla phakathi kwama-millisecond futhi ashintshele kumandla agciniwe, okugcina okokusebenza okubalulekile kusebenza. Ukusebenza kwabo kuncike ekulinganisweni okufanele, ukunakekelwa okuvamile, kanye nohlobo lohlelo oluhambisana nezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza.
Izinhlobo ze-Industrial Power Backup Systems kanye Nokuthembeka Kwazo
Izigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko ziphethe imakethe yesipele yezimboni, ngasinye sinezici ezihlukile zokusebenza.
I-Double Double{{0}UPS ye-Online Conversion UPSisebenza ngokuqhubekayo ukuguqula amandla angenayo e-AC abe yi-DC, bese ibuyela ku-AC. Lokhu kuguqulwa okuqhubekayo kwehlukanisa amathuluzi kuzo zonke izindaba zekhwalithi yamandla. Izakhiwo zezimboni ezisebenzisa lezi zinhlelo aziba nakho ukudlulisa isikhathi phakathi nokucima{2}}umthwalo awukwazi ukuthi amandla kagesi ahlulekile. Izikhungo zedatha zithembele kakhulu kule topology ngoba iphatha ukushintshashintsha kwamandla kagesi, ukuhluka kwefrikhwensi, nokuhlanekezela okuvumelanayo ngaphandle kokushintshela emandleni ebhethri ezinkingeni ezincane. Ukuthengisa{{5}isaphulelo kuyizindleko zangaphambili eziphezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphansi kancane (ngokujwayelekile okungu-92-96%) uma kuqhathaniswa neminye imiklamo.
Ulayini-Amasistimu Asebenzisanayoumele indawo emaphakathi yezinhlelo zokusebenza zokusekela amandla ezimboni. Lawa mayunithi alawula i-voltage nge-autotransformer kuyilapho ehlala exhunywe kumandla okusetshenziswayo. Uma ukwehla kwamandla kagesi noma ama-spikes kwenzeka{2}}okuvamile ezindaweni zokukhiqiza ngemishini emikhulu{3}}uhlelo luyalungisa ngaphandle kokubandakanya amabhethri. Isikhathi sokudlulisa sisuka ku-4-6 millisecond, sishesha ngokwanele ezintweni eziningi zezimboni kodwa okungenzeka sibe yinkinga kuzilawuli zenqubo ebucayi. Izitshalo ezikhiqizayo ngokuvamile zisebenzisa ulayini{8}}amayunithi asebenzisanayo emithwalweni engabalulekile lapho izinga lokwethembeka elingu-99.5% lihlangabezana nezimfuneko zokusebenza.
I-Standby/Offline UPSinikeza isivikelo esiyisisekelo kakhulu ngezikhathi zokudlulisa ezingafika kuma-millisecond angu-8. Nakuba kungavamile embonini enzima, lawa masistimu avela{2}}emisebenzini emincane namathuluzi okuqapha okude. Ubulula busho amaphuzu okuhluleka ambalwa, kodwa ukubambezeleka kokushintsha kungaphazamisa izilawuli ze-logicable logic (PLCs) kanye namadrayivu efrikhwensi ahlukahlukene (VFDs).
Ubuchwepheshe bebhethri bushintshe kakhulu. Amabhethri e-lead{{1}e-asidi asabala u-35% wemakethe ngenxa yezindleko-ukusebenza kahle, kodwa amasistimu e-lithium{4}}athwebula imali engenayo engu-$5.07 bhiliyoni ngo-2024 ngokusho kwe-Grand View Research. I-nickel entsha-ikhemikhali ye-zinc inikezela ngokuphindwe kathathu ukuminyana kwamandla omthofu{9}}i-asidi kuyilapho isusa ubungozi bokubaleka kokushisa{10}}isici esibalulekile sokuphepha ezindaweni ezivaliwe zezimboni.
Ukuthi Amandla Ahluleka Kanjani Empeleni Kuthinta Ukusebenza Kwezimboni
Inani lezezimali lokuphazamiseka kwamandla liye landa kakhulu. Umbiko we-Siemens ka-2024 othi "True Cost of Downtime" uthole ukuthi izinkampani ezinkulu zomhlaba ezingama-500 zilahlekelwa u-$1.4 trillion minyaka yonke ngenxa yesikhathi sokuphumula esingahleliwe-11% wesamba semali engenayo. Lokhu kumelela ukukhuphuka okungu-62% ukusuka ku-${7}} ibhiliyoni ngo-2019-2020.
Imboni-imithelela ethize iyahluka kakhulu. Ukukhiqiza izimoto kubhekene nezindleko eziphakeme kakhulu ezifika ku-$2.3 million ngehora uma imigqa yokukhiqiza ima. Imboni esindayo ifinyelela ku-$59 million ngehora lesikhathi sokuphumula, 60% ephakeme kunamazinga ka-2019. Ngisho nokuphazamiseka okufushane kudala izinkinga: imboni yezimoto eyodwa ivamise ukuba nezigameko ezingu-25 zesikhathi sokuphumula nyanga zonke, ngasinye sidinga isilinganiso samahora angu-27 ukubuyisela ngokugcwele ukusebenza.
Izikhungo zedatha zinikeza inselele ehlukile. Ukuhlaziya kwe-Uptime Institute kwango-2024 kwembula ukuthi u-52% wakho konke ukuphela kwesikhungo sedatha kuvela ezinkingeni ezihlobene-zamandla. Kulezi zigameko, u-54% ubize phakathi kuka-$100,000 no-$1 million, kanti u-16% wedlula u-$1 million ngomonakalo. Inkinga akukhona nje ukulahlekelwa umthamo wekhompuyutha{12}ukwehluleka kwamandla okonakele izizindalwazi, ukulimaza{13}}isitoreji sesimo esiqinile, futhi kucuphe izinqubo zokutakula ezinde.
Izindawo zokukhiqiza zibhekana nezinkinga ezengeziwe ezingaphezu kokulahlekelwa kwezimali. Ukumisa kungazelelwe imishini esindayo kungabangela ukulimala kwemishini-amasistimu okupholisa kufanele aqhubeke nokusebenza ngesikhathi sokuvala shaqa, izinqubo zamakhemikhali zidinga ukunqanyulwa okulawulwayo, futhi izinga lokushisa{2}}lemisebenzi ezwelayo idinga ukuncishiswa kwamandla kancane kancane. Isistimu yokusekela amandla ezimbonini enikeza ngisho nemizuzu eyi-10-15 yesikhathi sokusebenza ivumela lezi zinqubo zokuvala shaqa ezibucayi ukuthi ziqedele ngokuphepha.
Idatha-Yangempela Yokusebenza Komhlaba Evela Ekusetshenzisweni Kwezimboni
I-Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) esetshenziswe kuzilungiselelo zezentengiso nezezimboni ngokuvamile ziletha amahora angu-2-6 wamandla ayisipele kuye ngomthwalo. Isistimu engu-258 kWh inganika amandla umthwalo we-120 kVA amahora angaphezu kwama-2 ngomthamo ogcwele. Njengoba ama-opharetha ehlisa{7}}imithwalo engabalulekile-esebenzisa i-HVAC ngokukhetha, izibani ezifiphalisayo, ukuvala isisetshenziswa esisizayo-isikhathi sokusebenza sinwebeka ngokulinganayo. Ezinye izikhungo zibika ukufeza amahora angama-4-5 ngokusebenzisa izivumelwano zokuvala shaqa.
Isivinini soshintsho sibaluleke kakhulu. Amasistimu e-UPS ahlinzeka ngamandla phakathi kwama-millisecond angu-2-10, avimbela okokusebenza ekutholeni noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka. Amajeneretha, ngokuphambene, adinga amasekhondi angu-10-30 ukuze aqale futhi azinzise-ingunaphakade lokulawulwa kwezimboni. Lesi sigebe yingakho amasistimu okulondoloza amandla ezimboni ngokuvamile ehlanganisa kokubili ubuchwepheshe: I-UPS ivala imizuzwana yokuqala ebalulekile kuyilapho amajeneretha elungiselela ukuthatha imithwalo yesikhathi eside.
Amamethrikhi okuthembeka avela ekusetshenzisweni kwenkambu abonisa ukuthi amasistimu e-UPS aku-inthanethi agcinwe kahle afinyelela ukutholakala okungu-99.99%. Kodwa-ke, lesi sibalo sithatha ukuhlolwa kwebhethri okuvamile nokushintshwa. Amabhethri awonakala ngokushesha ezindaweni zezimboni ngenxa yokweqisa kwezinga lokushisa kanye nemijikelezo enzima yokukhipha. Amabhethri omthofu-e-asidi alinganiselwe iminyaka engu-5 ezimeni zehhovisi ngokuvamile ahluleka ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-9-ezingu-18 lapho echayeke kumazinga okushisa angu-50 avamile ezindaweni zokukhiqiza. Amasistimu{10}ebanga lezimboni asebenzisa amabhethri asezingeni lokushisa elibanzi anweba lokhu kuye eminyakeni emi-4 ngisho naku-50℃.
Umfelandawonye wasemaphandleni wase-Alaska ubonisa-ukuphumelela okukhulu kokulondoloza ibhethri. Isistimu yabo isebenzisa amabhethri e-NiCad angu-14,000 ahlinzeka ngamamegawathi angu-40 wamandla aqhubekayo-anele ukusekela yonke indawo yesevisi phakathi nokucisha kwegridi. Ukufakwa kugcine u-99.97% wesikhathi sokuphumula ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwakho, okufakazela ukuthi izixazululo zokusekela amandla ezimboni zisebenza ngokuthembekile uma zenzelwe imvelo ngendlela efanele.
Izindlela Zokwehluleka Okujwayelekile Nokuvimbela
Naphezu kwezilinganiso ezithembekile eziphakeme, amasistimu wokusekela ngokulondoloza izimboni ayehluleka. Ukuqonda amaphethini okuhluleka kusiza izikhungo zigweme u-44% wokucisha kwesikhungo sedatha okubangelwa izinkinga zesistimu yamandla esizeni.
Ukuhluleka kwebhethrikubalelwa ku-40% we-UPS{1}}yokucisha okuhlobene. Amaseli ngamanye aba buthaka ngamanani ahlukene ngaphakathi kweyunithi yezinhlamvu. Emakhemistri endabuko, iseli elilodwa elihlulekile lidala isekethe evulekile ekhubaza lonke ibhange lebhethri. Izinhlangano zilwisana nalokhu ngokuhlolwa kwamandla kagesi kwanyanga zonke, ukuhlolwa kwebhange lomthwalo wekota kanye nokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokuphatha ibhethri (BMS) eziqapha impilo yeselula ngayinye. Isithombe esishisayo sibonisa izindawo ezishisayo ezibonisa ukwehluleka okuzayo ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke.
Umthamo onganelekubangela u-30% wezinkinga zesistimu yokusekelayo. Izikhungo zivame ukwenza ngaphansi kwamasistimu asuselwa kuzilinganiso ze-nameplate kunomthwalo wangempela. Ulayini wokukhiqiza olinganiselwa ku-200 kW ungase udonse u-280 kW ngesikhathi sokuqalisa. -Izisetshenziswa ezishayelwa yizimoto, imisebenzi yokushisela, nama-transformer amakhulu konke kudala ama-spikes kagesi. Ukulinganisa okufanele kudinga ukulinganisa umthwalo wangempela ngabahlaziyi bekhwalithi yamandla ezikhathini zamahora angu-24-48, bese wengeza i-headroom engu-20-30%.
Ukushintshashintsha kokungasebenzi kahledala ukuphazamiseka okufushane kodwa okuyinhlekelele. Iswishi yokudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo (ATS) kufanele isebenze phakathi kwama-millisecond, kodwa ukuguga komshini, ukunqwabelana kothuli, noma ukuxhumeka okuxekethile kubangela ukubambezeleka. Amasistimu wokulondoloza amandla ezimboni anciphisa lokhu ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokudlulisa ezingasanele kanye nokuzivocavoca okuvamile ngaphansi komthwalo{2}hhayi nje kuphela ukuhlolwa kwenyanga{3}} kokulayisha ugesi.
Izici zemveloyehlisa izinga lokusebenza ngokushesha kunephrojekthi yabakhiqizi. Ukudlidliza okuvela emishinini eseduze kukhulula ukuxhumana kukagesi. Ukungena kothuli kuvimbela izintuba zokupholisa kanye namadiphozithi kumabhodi esekethe. Umswakama usheshisa ukubola kwebhethri. Izikhungo zibhekana nalokhu ngokubeka okokusebenza kwe-UPS endaweni ehlukile yesimo sezulu-ezivalekile ezilawulwayo uma kungenzeka, noma ucacise amayunithi ebanga lezimboni-nezilinganiso zokuvikela ukungena kwe-IP54+ kwe-IP.
Izinhlelo zokuvikela ezivikelayo zinciphisa ubungozi bokwehluleka ngo-60-70% ngokuya ngezifundo zokwethembeka ze-ABB. Ukuhlolwa kwekota kufanele kuhlole i-torque yetheminali yebhethri, kukale izinga lokushisa lendawo, kuqinisekise ukusebenza kwesistimu yokupholisa, kubuyekeze amalogi omcimbi ngezinkinga eziqhubekayo, futhi kuqalise ukuhlolwa kokukhipha ibhethri minyaka yonke. Isevisi ibiza okuphakathi kuka-3-5% wezindleko ezinkulu zesistimu kodwa ivimbela ukwehluleka okuningi okungavinjelwa.
Ukukhetha Amasistimu Ahlangabezana Nezimfuneko Zezimboni
Ukukhetha ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yamandla ezimboni ephumelelayo kudinga ukufanisa ubuchwepheshe nezidingo ezithile zokusebenza kunokuthenga isistimu enkulu kunazo zonke.
Ikhwalithi yamandla ibaluleke ngaphezu kobude besikhathi sokulondolozaezinhlelweni eziningi. Amasistimu okulawula inqubo abekezelela ukwehluka kwe-voltage enguziro-ngisho no-2-ukuchezuka okungu-3% kubangela izimo zamaphutha. Lokhu kudinga i-inthanethi{6}}yokuguqulwa kwe-topology ekabili. -Izisetshenziswa ezishayelwa yizimoto zisingatha ukuwohloka kwe-voltage emfushane kangcono, okwenza amasistimu asebenzisanayo anele. Umehluko oyinhloko ukuthi ngabe okokusebenza kudinga ukuphuma okuphelele kwe-sine wave noma kungamukela i-sine wave eguquliwe ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwebhethri.
I-scalability ivimbela ukuphelelwa yisikhathi.Imiklamo ye-UPS ye-Modular ivumela ukunwetshwa kwamandla ngokungeza amamojula wamandla kunokuthatha indawo yawo wonke amasistimu. Isikhungo singase siqale ngomthamo we-100 kVA, bese sengeza amamojula angu-50 kVA njengoba ukukhiqizwa kwanda. Le ndlela inciphisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwangaphambili ngenkathi igcina izindlela zokuthuthukisa. Amasistimu e-modular nawo ahlinzeka ngokuthi+1 ukungafuneki{6}}uma imojuli eyodwa yehluleka, enye iyaqhubeka nokusebenza.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-generator kudinga ukusebenzisana ngokucophelela.Uma amabhethri e-UPS ephela, ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo kwamandla ejeneretha kufanele kwenzeke ngaphandle komthungo. Lezi zinhlelo ezimbili zidinga ukulawulwa kwamandla kagesi okuhambisanayo kanye nezilawuli zokuvumelanisa. Ukuzinzisa kwamandla kagesi okukhiqiza kuthatha amasekhondi angu-2-5 ngemva kokuqaliswa; i-UPS kumele ivale lesi sikhathi sokuzinza. Izinsiza zivame ukufana namajeneretha amaningi amancane kunokufaka iyunithi eyodwa enkulu-lokhu kunikeza ukunganaki futhi kuvumela ukusebenza komthwalo oyingxenye phakathi nokucisha okuncane, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli.
Izilinganiso zemvelo zinquma ubude bokuphila.Amayunithi e-UPS ezentengiselwano ajwayelekile ahluleka ngokushesha ezindaweni ezinothuli, ezishisayo, noma ezidlidlizayo. Amasistimu agunyazwe ku-UL 508 kumaphaneli okulawula ezimboni amelana nezimo ezinzima. Amabanga okushisa okusebenza abanzi (0-50℃ngaphandle kokuncishiswa), ukunamathela okuvumelanayo kumabhodi wesekethe, kanye ne-steel chassis enophawu lwempushana ukumelana nokugqwala ezindaweni eziyinselele. Lezi zici zezinga lezimboni ngokuvamile zengeza u-20-30% ezindlekweni zesistimu kodwa ukuphila kokusebenza okuphindwe kathathu.
Ukukhetha ibhethri kuguquke kakhulu. Amasistimu e-Lithium-ion anikeza impilo yesevisi engu-2-3x ende ende kune-asidi-ye-asidi, ukushajwa kabusha okusheshayo (1-amahora angu-2 vs. 6-8 amahora), kanye nezigxivizo zonyawo ezincane ezingu-30-ezingu-50%. Izindleko zangaphambili eziphezulu ($1,500-2,000 i-kWh ngayinye vs. $500-800 ye-lead-acid) zinciphisa iminyaka engu-10-12 yokuphila uma kuqhathaniswa neminyaka engu-3-5 ye-lead-acid. I-LiFePO4 (i-lithium iron phosphate) ikhemikhali iqeda ukukhathazeka kokubaleka okushisayo okukhona ku-lithium-ion evamile.
Izidingo Zokugcinwa Kokusebenza Okuzinzile
Izinhlelo zokusekela amandla ezimboni zidinga ukunakekelwa okusebenzayo ukuze kugcinwe ukwethembeka. Izindleko eziphelele zezibalo zobunikazi zibonisa ukuthi intengo yokuthenga imelela kuphela u-25-40% wezindleko zokuphila konke-ukunakekela, izindleko zamandla, nokushintshwa ekugcineni kuhlanganisa okusele.
Imijikelezo yokushintsha ibhethri ilawula ibhajethi yokulungisa. Amabhethri omthofu-adinga ukushintshwa njalo ngemva kweminyaka engu-3-5 ngo-30-50% wezindleko zoqobo zesistimu. Izinsiza zinciphisa lezi zindleko ngokusebenzisa ukuphathwa kwezinga lokushisa-njalo ngamadigri ayi-10 ngaphezu kwamadigri angama-25 amahhafu wempilo yebhethri. Ukufaka okokusebenza kwe-UPS ezindaweni ezineziphephetha-moya noma ukungeza amasistimu okupholisa angeziwe kubuyisela emuva phakathi neminyaka engu-2-3 ngesevisi yebhethri eyandisiwe.
Ukuhlolwa kwekota kuvimbela ukwehluleka okuningi. Ochwepheshe kufanele balinganise i-voltage kubhethri ngalinye kuyunithi yezinhlamvu, amanani okurekhoda okuhlaziya ithrendi. Iseli elibonisa i-2.1V kuyilapho amanye efunda i-2.2V libonisa ukucekelwa phansi okudinga ukushintshwa. Ukuhlola uxhumo lukagesi ngezikele ze-torque kuthola amatheminali axegayo adala ukumelana, akhiqize ukushisa, futhi ekugcineni ahluleke. I-imaging eshisayo ikhomba izingxenye ezishisayo ngaphambi kokuthi zehluleke ngokuyinhlekelele.
Ukuhlolwa kokukhishwa kwaminyaka yonke kuqinisekisa ukucaciswa kokufana kwesikhathi sokusebenza kwangempela. Xhuma ibhange lomthwalo elilingana nokudonsa okokusebenza okubalulekile futhi usebenzise amandla ebhethri ngenkathi uqapha i-voltage kanye nesikhathi sokuphela. Izikhungo eziningi zithola isistimu yazo "yemizuzu engu-30-yemizuzu" ihlinzeka ngamaminithi angu-18 kuphela ngaphansi komthwalo wangempela ukuze ufunde lokhu ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kunangesikhathi sokucisha kwangempela. Bhala imiphumela futhi uqhathanise nezilinganiso eziyisisekelo ukuze ulandelele ukufiphala kwamandla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukuqapha isofthiwe kunikeza-ukwengamela kwesikhathi sangempela. Izinhlelo zesimanje ze-UPS zezimboni zixhumana nge-SNMP, Modbus, noma izivumelwano zobunikazi. Ukuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo zokuphatha izakhiwo kuvumela izexwayiso ezizenzakalelayo lapho izinga lokushisa lebhethri likhuphuka, ikhwalithi yamandla okufakwayo yehla, noma umthamo wehla ngaphansi komkhawulo. Ukuqapha okukude kunciphisa isidingo sokuhlolwa ngokomzimba nsuku zonke ngenkathi kuthuthukisa isikhathi sokuphendula ekuthuthukiseni izinkinga.
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Amasistimu wokusekela ngokulondoloza izimboni enza amandla emishini isikhathi esingakanani?
Isikhathi sokusebenza sincike kumthamo webhethri nosayizi wokulayisha. Isistimu engu-258 kWh inika amandla ukulayisha okungu-120 kVA amahora angu-2+ ngomthamo ogcwele. Ukunciphisa umthwalo ngokuvala ngokukhetha-izinto zokusebenza ezingabalulekile kwandisa isikhathi sokusebenza ngokulinganayo{6}}izikhungo eziningi zithola amahora angu-4-6 ngokusebenzisa izivumelwano zokuvala shaqa ezinezigaba. Amasistimu angafaniswa ukuze kwandiswe isikhathi sokusebenza unomphela.
Yini ebangela ukwehluleka okuningi kwe-UPS yezimboni?
Ukonakaliswa kwebhethri kubangela ukwehluleka okungu-40% kwe-UPS, kulandelwa umthamo onganele (30%) kanye nezinkinga zokushintsha ukudlulisa (15%). Izinga lokushisa liyi-accelerator ehamba phambili{4}}amabhethri alinganiselwe iminyaka engu-5 ku-25℃ahlala izinyanga ezingu-9-18 kuphela ku-50 degree. Ukuhlola okuvamile, usayizi ofanele, nokulawulwa kwemvelo kuvimbela ukwehluleka okungama-60-70%.
Ingabe izinhlelo zezimboni zisebenza kangcono kune-UPS yezohwebo?
Amasistimu-ebanga lezimboni asebenza ngokuthembekile ezindaweni ezinokhahlo lapho amayunithi ezentengiso ehluleka khona. Afaka amazinga okushisa abanzi (0-50 degree), ukwakhiwa okuqinile, nempilo yebhethri eyandisiwe. Umehluko oyinhloko ukuthi amayunithi okulondoloza amandla ezimboni aqinisekiswa ngokuqondile ngezimo ezitholakala ekukhiqizeni, kumakhemikhali e-petrochemical, kanye nezilungiselelo zomkhakha osindayo.
Lezi zinhlelo zibiza malini ezinsizeni ezijwayelekile?
Isistimu yokuguqula ye-inthanethi engu-100 kVA ekabili{1}}namaminithi angu-30 wokulondoloza ibhethri ibiza u-$25,000-45,000 efakiwe. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion engeza u-40-60% ezindlekweni zangaphambili kodwa ehlisa inani lezindleko zeminyaka eyi-10 zobunikazi ngo-20-30% ngokusebenzisa isikhathi eside sokuphila kanye nokunciphisa ukulungiswa. Amasistimu e-modular avumela ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhuphukayo njengoba izidingo zikhula.
Ubufakazi buqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo zokusekela amandla ezimboni ziletha ukusebenza okuthembekile lapho kucaciswe kahle, kufakwe, futhi kunakekelwe. Ubuchwepheshe bukhule kakhulu-amasistimu esimanje afinyelela ukutholakala okungu-99.99% ezindaweni ezidinga kakhulu zezimboni. Ukuthuthuka kwekhemistri yebhethri, ikakhulukazi izinketho ze-lithium-i-ion ne-nickel-zinc, zithuthukise ukuminyana kwamandla nokuphepha kuyilapho kunciphisa izidingo zokunakekela.
Isinqumo akukhona ukuthi lezi zinhlelo ziyasebenza yini, kodwa ukukhetha ukucushwa okulungile kwezidingo ezithile zokusebenza. Izikhungo zokukhiqiza ezinemishini enembayo zidinga ukuvikelwa okuhlukile kunezitshalo zamakhemikhali noma izindawo zokugcina izinto ezibandayo. Ukufanisa i-topology ye-UPS nezidingo zekhwalithi yamandla, umthamo wokulinganisa ngo-20-30% we-headroom ukuze ukhule esikhathini esizayo, nokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokuvikela zokuvikela kunquma impumelelo ngaphezu kwanoma iyiphi into ekhethwayo yesisetshenziswa esisodwa.
Izinhlangano eziphatha amandla okulondoloza imali njengengqalasizinda ebalulekile{{0}ngebhajethi ezinikele yokunakekela, ukuhlola okuvamile, nokushintshanisa okuhleliwe{1}}zibika eduze{2}}zero isikhathi sokuphumula esingalindelekile. Labo abafaka amasistimu futhi bangawanaki bathola izinga lokuhluleka elingu-44% elibonwa ezifundweni zesikhungo sedatha. Amasistimu wokusekela amandla ezimboni ayasebenza, kodwa kuphela lapho esekelwa isiyalo sokusebenza esisidingayo