Ukwanda kwamasistimu okugcina amandla ebhethri aneziqukathi (BESS) kuyo yonke igridi-izinhlelo zokusebenza zesikali ziyiguqule ngokuyisisekelo indlela onjiniyela bokuvikela umlilo ababhekana ngayo nokunciphisa ubungozi bokushisa. Ngokungafani nokufakwa kukagesi okuvamile lapho ukuziphatha komlilo kulandela amandla omlilo abikezelwa ngokuqhathaniswa, i-lithium{2}}imililo yebhethri ye-ion iphrezenta imodi yokwehluleka kwe-cascading esekelwe ku-electrochemical thermal runaway-i-self-i-exothermic reaction chain izindlela ezivamile zokucindezela azizange zenzelwe ukubhekana nazo. Ukuqhuma kwe-McMicken ka-2019 e-Arizona, isigameko sase-Beijing Dahongmen sango-2021, nokunye okuningi okungabikwanga eduze{8}}kuphoqe ukuthi kucatshangelwe kabusha ukuthi siklama kanjani, sihlukanisa kanjani, futhi sivikela lezi zimpahla zamandla ezitholakala yonke indawo.
Inkinga Ye-Thermal Runaway (Futhi Kungani Ingewona nje "Umlilo")
Nakhu abaphathi abaningi bephrojekthi abangakuqondi ngokugcwele lapho befuna ukuthuthukiswa kwezindleko ekucindezelweni komlilo: umlilo webhethri ye-lithium-akuwona akuwona umlilo ngempela ngokomqondo wendabuko. I-reactor yamakhemikhali isibalulekile.
Uma iseli lingena ekubalekeni okushisayo, ukulandelana ngokuvamile kuqala ngokubola kwesendlalelo se-SEI cishe ku-90-120℃. Lokhu kukhipha umoya-mpilo ngaphakathi. I-electrode engalungile iqala ukusabela nge-electrolyte. Izinto ezisebenza kahle ze-electrode zishintsha isigaba futhi zibole. I-Electrolyte iyahwamuka futhi iyashisa. Konke lokhu kwenzeka ensimbi evalekile ingacindezelwa ngokuqongelela amagesi-i-hydrogen, i-carbon monoxide, i-methane, i-ethylene, i-hydrogen fluoride.
Umugqa wesikhathi? Ukusuka kokudidayo kokuqala ukuya ekukhipheni umoya ngodlame: kwesinye isikhathi imizuzu, kwesinye isikhathi imizuzwana.
Okwenza amasistimu aneziqukathi abe nobuqili ikakhulukazi ijometri yesikhala esivalekile. Unamakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi izinkulungwane zamaseli apakishwe kusiqukathi se-ISO esingamafidi angu-20-noma angu-40-foot. Iseli elilodwa liyahluleka, lishisisa omakhelwane balo ngokusebenzisa i-conduction kanye nemisebe, futhi ngokuzumayo awubhekani nomcimbi weseli elilodwa-ubuka ukusakazwa kwe-scacade kuyo yonke i-rack, bese kuba nama-racks aseduze.
Ngibuyekeze imibiko yesigameko lapho isikhathi kusukela ku-alamu yokuqala eshisayo ukuya ekubandakanyekeni kwesiqukathi esigcwele bekungaphansi kwemizuzu emine.
I-Landscape Elawulayo: I-Patchwork Eguquka Kancane Kancane
Isimo sezindinganiso sihlala, ngokungananaziyo, siyisiphithiphithi-yize siyathuthuka.
I-NFPA 855 ivele njengesethenjwa se-de facto ezimakethe zaseNyakatho Melika. Uhlelo lwango-2023 luqinise izidingo kakhulu ngemuva kochungechunge lwezigameko ngo-2019-2021. Izinhlinzeko ezibalulekile zifaka umthamo omkhulu wamandla angu-600 kWh ngeyunithi ngayinye ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa okwengeziwe kokuhlolwa komlilo, imikhawulo engu-50 kWh ngohlu lwebhethri ngayinye, kanye nesikhala esingamafidi angu-3 phakathi kwamayunithi noma ezindongeni.
I-FM Global's Data Sheet 5-33 ithatha indlela elandelanayo ezicini eziningi, ikakhulukazi mayelana nezidingo zokukhipha umoya.
Imvelo yokulawula yaseShayina iguquke ngokushesha. Izinga lendawo yase-Beijing i-DB11/T 1893 yaba yimpumelelo lapho ikhishwa ngo-2021-izinga lokuqala lesifunda ukuze ligunyaze imininingwane yesiqukathi{7}}yeleveli yokuvikela umlilo. I-T/CEC 373-2020 yezinhlelo ze-LFP zekhabhinethi ezakhelwe ngaphambili zisungule izimfuneko zokucindezelwa zeleveli yemojuli izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe eziningi ezingakaze zifane.
Okungikhungathekisayo ngesimo samanje: akukabikho ukuvumelana kwangempela kwamazwe ngamazwe. Isistimu eklanyelwe izindinganiso zesiShayina ingase inganeliseki i-UL 9540A-izimfuneko zokuhlola umlilo esikalini. Uhlelo oludlula ukugunyazwa kwe-FM kungenzeka lungahambisani nezindinganiso ze-European EN. Konjiniyela bamazwe ngamazwe, lokhu kudala ubuhlungu bekhanda lokuthenga.
Isakhiwo Sesitsha: Ijiyomethri Yokusinda
Izidingo zebanga lokuhlukaniswa ziyahlukahluka kunalokho okufanele zifane kuzo zonke izindawo, kodwa i-physics eyisisekelo ayiguquguquki: uzama ukuvimbela ukudluliswa kokushisa okushisayo ekuthungeleni amayunithi aseduze kuyilapho ugcina ukufinyelela esimweni esiphuthumayo.
Izindinganiso zaseShayina zicacisa ubuncane bezikhala obungamamitha angu-4 phakathi kwamayunithi esiqukathi, esincishiswa kuphela ngezithiyo zomlilo ezilinganiselwe amahora angu-4 ezinweba imitha elingu-1 ngaphezu kwemvilophu yesiqukathi kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. I-NFPA ibiza amafidi angu-20 (cishe amamitha angu-6) isisekelo, ancishiswe abe uziro ngokuyisisekelo anezivimbio zamahora angu-3.
Amaphrojekthi amaningi engiwabonile ezama ukunciphisa indawo-ebiza imali, phela. Indlela yokuvimbela iba yinhle. Kodwa nansi inkinga engokoqobo: lezo zithiyo azidingi nje ukusinda ekushiseni okukhazimulayo kodwa nokucindezela okunamandla kokwehla komlilo. Udonga olujwayelekile lwe-CMU ngeke lusike. Udinga ukhonkolo oqinisiwe noma okulingana, okuqiniswe kahle, ngaphandle kokungena okungafaka engcupheni isilinganiso.
Ukusabalalisa-indaba eyodwa cishe sekukhona emhlabeni wonke manje ngesizathu esihle. Iziqukathi zokupakisha zizanywe kafushane ezinye izihlanganisi ezijaha ukuminyana kwamandla. Izinselelo zokucindezelwa kanye nezinkinga zokuphuma zibulale leyo ndlela ngokushesha.
Ukucatshangelwa kwendawo okuvame ukunganakwa:
Ibanga eliya kolayini bezakhiwo kanye nemigwaqo yomphakathi libaluleke kakhulu ekuphenduleni izimo eziphuthumayo. Ukuhlehla okungamamitha angu-30-kusukela kolayini besitimela ngokwezindinganiso zesiShayina kukhona ngenxa yokuthi i-derailment + umlilo we-BESS=isimo esiyinhlekelele akekho ofuna ukusicabanga. Ukusondela emithonjeni yamanzi emvelo akukhona nje ukuba nezinsiza zokucindezelwa{6}}kumayelana nekhono lokupholisa eliqhubekayo lokuphathwa kokushisa kwangemva kwesigameko okungahlala izinsuku.
Yini Empeleni Ngaphakathi Ebhokisini
I-BESS yesimanje ene-container ayiwona nje amabhethri aminyaniswe esitsheni sokuthumela. Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sithuthuke kakhulu.
Ngokuvamile uzothola ama-racks ebhethri ahlala endaweni eyodwa, anezinto zokuguqula amandla (ama-inverter, ama-converter e-DC{{0}DC) endaweni ehlukile ehlukaniswe yisivimbeli somlilo sangaphakathi. Isizathu: imililo yezinto zikagesi iziphatha ngendlela ehlukile kunezehlakalo zebhethri ezishisayo futhi zidinga izindlela zokucindezela ezihlukile.
Ukuphatha okushisayo kwehlukana kube izinkambu ezimbili: umoya-opholile kanye noketshezi{1}}opholile.
Amasistimu{0}apholile omoya alula, ashibhile, futhi anele ukufakwa kwesimo sezulu esimaphakathi. Ukwehluka kwezinga lokushisa kulo lonke uchungechunge lwebhethri kungafinyelela ku-8-ku-10℃ngaphansi komthwalo-okungalungele ukuphila isikhathi eside noma amamajini okuphepha, kodwa kuyasebenza.
Amasistimu apholile-awuketshezi asephenduke indinganiso ye-premium-yokufakwa kokusebenza okuphezulu. Ubunjiniyela buyaba yinkimbinkimbi: izindlela zokugeleza ezihambisanayo eziqinisekisa ukuthi iseli ngalinye libona izinga lokushisa elilinganayo lokupholisa, i-glycol{3}}ingxube yamanzi anomthamo olawulwa ngokucophelela, amasistimu okuthola ukuvuza ngenxa yokuthi ama-coolant athinta amabhasi{4}}amandla kagesi aphezulu adala isigaba sawo sobungozi.
Uketshezi olungcono kakhulu-imiklamo epholile ifinyelela iseli-kuya{2}}ekuhlukeni kwezinga lokushisa kweseli ngaphansi kuka-3 degree. Lokho kufana kuhumusha ngokuqondile engcupheni encishisiwe yokuphelelwa umoya kanye nempilo yomjikelezo eyandisiwe.
Ukutholwa: Umjaho Wokulwa Nekhemistry
Yilapho engiba nomdlandla khona, ngoba ukutholwa yilapho amasistimu amaningi asahluleka khona.
Ukutholwa kwentuthu evamile nokushisa{0}}izinto ezisebenza kahle ezakhiweni zamahhovisi{1}}akwanele ngokudabukisayo ekubalekeni kwebhethri. Ngesikhathi uthola intuthu ebonakalayo noma izinga lokushisa elibalulekile le-ambient esitsheni, usuvele ulahlekile. I-runaway iyasungulwa, ukusakazeka kungenzeka, futhi uhlelo lwakho lokucindezela lulwa nesenzo sokuqapha.
Ukutholwa kwegesi{0}}akuxoxiswana nganoma yikuphi ukufakwa okubucayi.
Isignesha{0}}evaliwe yegesi evela kumaseli e-ion e-lithium{1}}ecindezelekile ihlukile: i-hydrogen ivela kuqala futhi ikhuphuka ngokushesha, ilandelwe yi-carbon monoxide nama-hydrocarbon ahlukahlukene. -Iziqaphi zesistimu eziklanywe kahle ezingeni le-rack, hhayi nje umkhathi we-ambient container. I-Hydrogen concentration efinyelela ku-1000 ppm kufanele iqalise uphenyo olusheshayo. 5000 i-ppm isho ukuthi ususondela kumkhawulo wokuqhuma ophansi futhi udinga impendulo ezenzakalelayo.
Okunye ukufakwa okusha kuhlola ukutholwa komphunga we-electrolyte{0}}okuqondiswe ngokuqondile ama-carbonates ahlanganisa ukwakheka okuningi kwe-lithium{1}}ion electrolyte. Ubuchwepheshe buyathembisa kodwa abukavuthwa ngokwanele ikhodi{3}}yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidingekayo.
Ukutholwa kwe-voltage nokungaqondakali kwamanje nge-BMS kuhlala kungumugqa wakho wokuqala wokuzivikela.
Iseli elithuthukisa isifunda esifushane sangaphakathi sizobonisa ukucindezelwa kwamandla kagesi ngaphambi kokuthi kubonakale amasignesha ashisayo. Inselele: ukuhlukanisa amasignali angempela ayisandulela kusukela ekuhlukeni okuvamile kokusebenza ezinkulungwaneni zamaseli anokubekezelela okungokwemvelo kokukhiqiza.
Amasistimu ayinkimbinkimbi ngempela ahlanganisa ukuqapha kwe-acoustic manje. Amaseli asondela ekubalekeni okushisayo akhiqiza amasignesha e-ultrasonic njengoba kukhula ingcindezi yangaphakathi. Kusahlolwa, kepha i-physics izwakala.
Ukucindezela: Impikiswano Enkulu
Ngena kunoma iyiphi iseshini yenkomfa mayelana nokuvikela umlilo kwe-BESS futhi uzothola ukungaboni ngaso linye okushisayo mayelana nokukhetha i-ejenti yokucindezela. Ngizokunikeza lokho engikushoyo, ngikwaziswa yizo zombili izincwadi zocwaningo kanye nokuthunyelwe kwezigameko{{1}zokufa.
Amanzi awina ngokuphathwa okushisayo. Isikhathi.
I-thermodynamics ayinakucaciswa. I-Lithium-ion thermal runaway iyinkinga yokushisa. Ukusabela kwangaphakathi kuyazenzela-i-oxidizing{4}}awukwazi ukukuminyanisa ngokukhipha umoya-mpilo. Ungakwazi ukumunca ukushisa okwanele ukuze wehlise amazinga okushisa eseli ngaphansi komkhawulo wokusabela.
Ukushisa kwamanzi kokuhwamuka (2,260 kJ/kg) akunakuqhathaniswa nanoma iyiphi enye indlela engokoqobo. I-fine water inkungu ikuthola ukumuncwa ukushisa ngamavolumu amanzi alawulekayo kanye nokukhathazeka okuncishisiwe kokusebenza kukagesi.
Imfuneko yezinga laseBeijing lokucwiliswa kwamaseli aphelele phakathi nemizuzu engu-10 ibonisa lokhu ngokoqobo. Uma konke okunye kwehluleka, ukhukhula isitsha.
Kodwa ukucindezelwa kwegesi kunendima yakho-ngokuqondile yokungenelela kusenesikhathi.
I-Heptafluoropropane (FM-200/HFC-227ea) kanye ne-perfluorohexanone entsha (Novec 1230/FK-5-1-12) ingawisa ilangabi elivulekile ngokushesha futhi inikeze ukupholisa okuthile ngokusebenzisa ukuhwamuka. Ziwusizo ekubambeni imicimbi kusenesikhathi, ngaphambi kokuthi i-thermal rune ngokugcwele, noma ukucindezela imililo yesibili ezintweni zikagesi.
Inkinga:abawuyeki ukusakazwa uma sekuqhubeka. Iseli lisaphehla ukushisa ngaphakathi. Ukuhlushwa kwegesi kuyaphela. Ukubusa kuyalandela.
Indlela yokuhlanganisa manje ibhekwa umkhuba ongcono kakhulu: ukucindezelwa kwegesi ukuze kuwiswe ilangabi ngokushesha, kulandelwe inkungu yamanzi ukuze kulawuleke ukushisa okushisayo, okunamandla okukhukhula okugcwele njengesipele sokugcina.
Igama elimayelana nokukhathazeka kwe-ejenti ehlanzekile:I-HFC-227ea ihlelelwe ukwehliswa ngaphansi Kwesichibiyelo sase-Kigali. I-FK-5-1-12 inamandla amancane okufudumala komhlaba futhi ayinawo umthelela we-ozone. Ngokusobala imboni ibheke ku-perfluorohexanone, nakuba amaketango okunikezwayo namanani entengo engakazinzi ngokugcwele.
Ukungenisa umoya kanye nokuvikelwa kokuqhuma
Nakhu lapho ngibone khona ukwehla kwezindleko eziyingozi kakhulu-.
Isiqukathi esigcwele amaseli ebhethri akhipha umoya siqongelela ingxube yegesi evuthayo endaweni evalekile. Umkhawulo ophansi wokuqhuma kwe-hydrogen ngu-4% emoyeni. Finyelela kulokho kugxilisa ingqondo, wethula umthombo wokuthungela{3}}okungaba lula njenge-arc evela kusixhumi esihlulekayo{4}}bese uthola ukuwohloka. Esitsheni esivaliwe, i-deflagration iba yi-detonation.
UMcMicken usifundise lesi sifundo ngabacimi bomlilo abane abalimele.
Ukungena komoya okusebenzayo kuyisibopho.Izinga laseShayina lifuna izinguquko zomoya ezingu-30 ngehora ubuncane bokungena komoya obuphuthumayo, okuqalwa ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho izinzwa zegesi zithola ukugxila okungaphezu kuka-5% we-LEL. I-NFPA 69 ihlinzeka ngomhlahlandlela wokuklama wezinhlelo zokuvimbela ukuwohloka komlilo.
Amaphaneli okwehlisa umoya kancane-umoya{1}}aklanyelwe ukukhulula ingcindezi ngaphambi kokuhluleka kwesakhiwo{2}}kudingeka ezindaweni eziningi. Izibalo zokulinganisa nge-NFPA 68 ngayinye aziyona into-ezincane futhi zincike kuvolumu yendawo ebiyelwe, ukucindezela kokuvula umoya, kanye nesivinini somlilo esibikezelwe.
Ukuma okubalulekile: amapayipi kufanele aphume asuke ezindleleni zokuphuma kanye nezindawo zokuphendula izimo eziphuthumayo. Ngibuyekeze amadizayini lapho amaphaneli okungenisa umoya azophephezela khona ngqo ephaseji lokufinyelela. Leyo iresiphi yokulimala kwezicishamlilo.
Umbuzo we-LFP vs. NMC
Ukukhethwa kwekhemikhali yebhethri kunemithelela yokuphepha emlilweni enwebeka ngalé kokuqhathaniswa okulula kokuzinza kokushisa.
Amaseli e-Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) asuse kakhulu ikhemikhali ye-nickel-manganese{1}}ye-cobalt (NMC) ekusetshenzisweni kwesitoreji esimile, eqhutshwa kakhulu ukucatshangelwa kokuphepha. Izinombolo zisekela lolu shintsho: Ukuqala kokubaleka kwe-LFP okushisayo ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngaphezu kuka-270℃uma kuqhathaniswa no-150-200℃for high-nickel NMC formulations. Amazinga okukhishwa kokushisa ngesikhathi sokubaleka acishe abe uhhafu. Ukukhiqizwa kwegesi ye-fluoride enobuthi kunciphile.
Kodwa i-LFP ngokwemvelo "ayiphephile"-iphephile. Ukubaleka okushisayo kuhlala kungenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezanele zokuhlukumeza. Ukusakazeka kusenzeka. Imodi yokwehluleka ivele inikeze umkhawulo owengeziwe wokutholwa nokungenelela.
Yini engikhathazayo mayelana nokulandisa kwemakethe kwamanje: abanye abathuthukisi baphatha ikhemistri ye-LFP esikhundleni sokuvikela umlilo okuqinile esikhundleni sokuhambisana nakho. Lokho kuyingozi ukucabanga okuzogcina kukhiqize izigameko.
Lokho Okuboniswa Irekhodi Lesigameko Empeleni
Ngigcina isizindalwazi esingakahleleki sezigameko zomlilo ze-BESS-imibiko yomphakathi, izimangalo zomshwalense engikwazile ukuzifinyelela, ukuxhumana okungakahleleki okuvela koxhumana nabo bemboni. Amaphethini ayafundisa.
I-Root ibangela iqoqo elizungeze izigaba ezimbalwa:
Amaphutha okukhiqiza-ukungcola kwangaphakathi, ukunganeli kokuqondisa kwe-electrode, ukulimala kwesihlukanisi{1}}okungenzeka kubangele isabelo esikhulu kunazo zonke, nakuba incazelo eqondile ngokuvamile ingenakwenzeka ngemva kokucekelwa phansi kokushisa. Ukwehluleka kwe-BMS okuvumela ukukhokhiswa ngokweqile noma ukushaja okungalingani kunomthelela omkhulu. Umonakalo wangaphandle phakathi nokuthunyelwa nokufakwa awunconywa kangako njengomqalisi.
Ukuhluleka kukagesi phezulu kwamabhethri-amaphutha e-DC arc, ukuxega koxhumano okuholela ekushiseni okuqinile, amaphutha aphansi-kungase kudlule ukwehluleka kwebhethri okumsulwa njengeziqalisi zomlilo ekuhlanganisweni.
Ukusebenza kwempendulo kuyehluka kakhulu.Amasayithi anemojuli{0}}ethola izinga legesi yokutholwa kanye nokucindezelwa okuzenzakalelayo okusheshayo aqukethe izehlakalo kuma-rack single. Amasayithi ancike kuphela ekutholweni kwesiqukathi{2}}kuleveli avamise ukulahlekelwa yonke iyunithi. Ukusabela komnyango wezomlilo ezehlakalweni ze-BESS kuhlala kungahambisani-iminyango eminingi ayinalo ukuqeqeshwa kwalezi zingozi ezithile kanye nokuzenzakalelayo ekuvikelweni kwepherimitha okuvikelekile kunokucindezelwa okusebenzayo.
Inkinga yokuthunyelwe-yokulawulwa kokushisa kwezehlakalo ingokoqobo futhi inweba imigqa yesikhathi ngendlela emangalisayo. Amabhethri aphelelwe ukushisa angaphinda asebenze amahora noma izinsuku kamuva njengoba amandla ayinsalela eshabalala ngokusabela kwangaphakathi okushunqayo. Izidingo zokupholisa ezinwetshiwe nokuqapha zicindezela izinsiza zokusabela ezimeni eziphuthumayo.
Izincomo Zomklamo Osebenzayo
Ngemuva kwakho konke ukuhlaziya okulawulwayo kanye nokuhlaziywa kobuchwepheshe, yini ebalulekile ekufakweni okusha?
Thola isikhala kahle.Unganciphisi ukonga umhlaba omncane. Izindleko zesigameko esisodwa esikhulu zidlula amashumi eminyaka ezinkokhelo zokuqashisa ezengeziwe.
Faka imali ekutholeni.-Inzwa yepharamitha eminingi ezingeni le-rack-igesi, izinga lokushisa, i-voltage engavamile-ngezinqubo zokusabela ezizenzakalelayo. Izindleko ezikhuphukayo ngaphezu kokutholwa kwentuthu okuyisisekelo zincane uma ziqhathaniswa nenani lokunciphisa ubungozi.
Idizayini yokuvimbela ukusabalalisa.Cabanga ukuthi iseli lizohluleka. Cabanga ukuthi imojuli izohluleka. Umbuzo uthi ngabe ukuphethe lapho.
Hlela ukufinyelela izicishamlilo.Abaphenduli bezimo eziphuthumayo badinga ukusondela, basebenzise ama-ejenti okucindezela, futhi bahoxe ngokuphepha. Imigqa yokubona ibalulekile. Ukuguqula i-radii kundaba ye-apparatus. Amandla okuphakelwa kwamanzi abalulekile.
Khomishini ngendlela efanele.Ngibone amasistimu lapho uhlelo lokucindezela lungakaze luhlolwe ngokugeleza kwe-ejenti. Lapho izitholi zegesi zingalinganiswanga kahle. Lapho ukuhlanganiswa kwe-alamu ye-BMS kuphaneli yomlilo kungazange kusebenze. Ukukhipha imali kubiza imali kodwa uthola lezi zinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zibe abahlanganyeli bezehlakalo.
Ngibheke phambili
Ubuchwepheshe buyaqhubeka nokuvela. Amabhethri esimo esiqinile-athembisa ukuthuthukiswa kokuzinza kokushisa okungagcina kunciphise izidingo zokuvikela umlilo. Ama-algorithms e-BMS athuthukile ahlanganisa ukufunda komshini abonisa isithembiso sokutholwa kokudidayo kwangaphambilini. Ukucindezelwa kwemojula-kuhlanganiswe ekwakhiweni kwephakethe lebhethri kunganikeza izikhathi zokuphendula ezingenakwenzeka okwamanje ngamasistimu angaphandle.
Kodwa sisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe banamuhla namuhla, ngezinga, kumagridi emhlabeni jikelele. Izindlela zokuvikela umlilo kufanele zifane nephrofayili yengozi yalokho okufakwayo ngempela{1}hhayi intuthuko yesikhathi esizayo engacatshangwanga.
Inselele eyisisekelo isalokhu ingashintshile: sigcina inani elikhulu lamandla e-electrochemical ezindaweni ezihlangene, futhi lawo mandla afuna ukuwakhulula. Umsebenzi wethu wukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhipha ngokwemibandela yethu, hhayi eyayo.
Umbhali ubambe iqhaza kubunjiniyela bokuvikela umlilo kumasistimu okugcina amandla kusukela ngo-2017 futhi uxhumane namaphrojekthi kuzo zonke izifunda zaseNyakatho Melika nase-Asia{1}}Pacific. Imibono eveziweyo iyimibono yobungcweti futhi akufanele ithathele indawo-ukuhlaziywa kobunjiniyela obuthile.