Isifaki sonozungezilanga e-San Diego sitshele mayelana -nesistimu yophahla lwamaphaneli angu-24 alusebenzise ngonyaka odlule. Amapulangwe ayishumi nambili ayebheke eningizimu, ayisishiyagalombili abheke entshonalanga, futhi amane ayehlala ngaphansi komthunzi kashimula amahora amathathu njalo ntambama. Nge-inverter yeyunithi yezinhlamvu, lawo maphaneli anemithunzi amane abengahudulela konke okukhiphayo kwamalungu afanayo phansi ngo-15–20%. Ngama-microinverters, amaphaneli anomthunzi kuphela angasebenzi kahle - amanye angamashumi amabili asebenza ngokugcwele. Lolu hlelo lukhiqize amandla angu-12% ngaphezulu ngonyaka kunalokho okucashuniwe kwe-string inverter quote. Ekufakeni okungu-$28,000, lokho okungu-12% kuhumushela cishe ku-$400 ngaphezulu ekongeni ugesi njalo ngonyaka iminyaka engu-25.
Yilokho isiphakamiso senani esiyinhloko se-solar micro inverter: iphendulela iphaneli ngayinye ibe isitshalo samandla esizimele, esingavikelekile ezinkingeni zomakhelwane bayo.
Isebenza kanjani iSolar Micro Inverter
I-solar micro inverter iyidivayisi encane - ngokuvamile elingana nencwadi ye-paperback - efakwe ngqo ngemuva kwephaneli ngayinye yelanga. Iguqula ugesi we-DC (wamanje oqondile) okhiqizwe yilelo phaneli eyodwa ube ugesi we-AC (oshintshanayo wamanje) ngokushesha, khona kanye emthonjeni.
Kusistimu yokuguqula iyunithi yezinhlamvu, wonke amaphaneli ahlangana ngocingo ochungechungeni futhi aphakele ukuphuma kwawo kwe-DC okuhlanganisiwe kusiguquli esikhulu esisodwa. Uma noma iyiphi iphaneli eyodwa lenza ngaphansi kokulindelwe (ukufiphaza, ukungcola, ukungafani, noma ukonakala), ikhawulela ugesi kuyo yonke iyunithi yezinhlamvu - njengemoto enensayo-emgwaqeni onguthelawayeka owodwa esekela imoto ngayinye ngemuva kwayo.
I-microinverter iqeda le nkinga. Iphaneli ngayinye iguqulela i-DC yayo ibe yi-AC ngokuzimela. Iphaneli elinomthunzi lilahlekelwa okukhiphayo kwalo kodwa linomthelela oyiziro kuphaneli eseduze kwalo.
Okuphumayo kwe-AC kusuka ku-microinverter ngayinye kugeleza ngezintambo ezijwayelekile ze-AC kuphaneli yakho kagesi - azikho{1}izintambo ze-DC eziphezulu ze-voltage ze-DC ezigijima ophahleni lwakho, akukho phuzu elilodwa lokwehluleka, futhi akukho mphumela{2}}wokukhanya{3}}kaKhisimusi lapho iphaneli eyodwa embi ibulala yonke isistimu.
6 Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko zama-Solar Micro Inverters
1. Ubukhulu Ukuvuna Amandla Ezimeni Ezingaphelele
Alukho uphahla olungenasici. Izihlahla ziyakhula, oshimula benza ithunzi, izindawo zokulala zakha amaphakethe ethunzi, futhi amaphaneli ebusweni obuhlukene ophahleni athola ukukhanya kwelanga ngama-engeli ahlukene usuku lonke. Ama-Microinverters enza okuzimele kwe-Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) kuphaneli ngayinye, ekhipha amandla kagesi afanele kanye namanje kuwo wonke amamojula kungakhathaliseki ukuthi omakhelwane bawo benzani.
Idatha yomhlaba-yangempela isekela lokhu. Ukuhlolwa kwemboni kukhombisa ukuthi amasistimu e-microinverter akhiqiza amandla angaphezu kuka-5–25% kunezinhlelo zokuguqula izintambo ezifanayo ophahleni olunomthunzi oyingxenye. Ngisho nasophahleni olungafakwanga umthunzi, ukubekezelelana kokukhiqizwa kwamaphaneli (±3–5% kokuphumayo okulinganiselwe) kanye nokwehluka kwezinga lokushisa kubangela ukungafani okwanele okwenza ama-microinverter ngokuvamile azuze u-2–3% ngaphezu kweziguquli zezintambo.
2. Ukuphepha Okuphakeme - Akukho Phezulu-I-Voltage DC Ophahleni Lwakho
Isistimu yokuguqula izintambo isebenzisa i-300–600V DC yonkana izintambo eziphezu kophahla lwakho. Emlilweni noma ezimeni eziphuthumayo, lawo mandla kagesi ahlala ephila inqobo nje uma ukukhanya kwelanga kushaya amaphaneli - okuyingozi enkulu kubacimi bomlilo nakubanikazi bezindlu.
Ama-Microinverters asebenza ku-voltage ephansi (30-60V DC ngephaneli ngayinye) futhi aguqulela ku-AC ngokushesha. Uma isistimu ivala shaqa, awekho ama-voltage aphezulu-e-DC agciniwe noma kuphi ophahleni. Lokhu kwanelisa ngokwemvelo izimfuneko ze-NEC 2017/2020 Rapid Shutdown (RSD) ngaphandle kokudinga amadivayisi angeziwe okuvala shaqa.
⚡ Ithiphu yePro:Uma usendaweni ephoqelela imojuli ye-NEC 2020-izinga lokuvala shaqa ngokushesha (i-voltage kufanele yehle ngaphansi kuka-80V phakathi kwamasekhondi angu-30 kanye no-1V phakathi kwamasekhondi angu-30 kumojula), ama-microinverter athobelana ngokuzenzakalela. Amasistimu okuguqula izintambo adinga izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezengeziwe ze-MLPE (izilungiseleli zamandla noma amadivayisi avala shaqa) ukuze ahlangabezane nekhodi efanayo - izindleko ezengeziwe ezingu-$30–$60 iphaneli ngayinye evala igebe lentengo ngama-microinverter.
3. Iphaneli{1}}Izinga lokuqapha
Yonke i-microinverter ibika okuphumayo kwephaneli yayo ngayinye - i-voltage, yamanje, amandla, nokukhiqizwa kwamandla - kuplathifomu yokuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela. Uma iphaneli eyodwa yehla ngo-30% kokuphumayo, ubona kahle ukuthi iyiphi iphaneli futhi ungakwazi ukuhlonza ukuthi ingabe i-shading, ingcolisa, iseli eliqhekekile, noma inkinga yesixhumi.
Nge-inverter yeyunithi yezinhlamvu, ubona inani eliphelele leyunithi yezinhlamvu. Uma umkhiqizo wehla, uyazi ukuthi kukhona okungalungile kodwa hhayi ukuthi yiliphi iphaneli. Ukuxazulula inkinga kudinga ukuvakashelwa kwesayithi ngempahla yokuhlola. Iziguquli zezintambo zingamataniswa nezithuthukisi amandla zephaneli{3}}lokuqapha izinga, kodwa lokhu kwengeza izindleko nobunkimbinkimbi.
4. Iwaranti ende, Ukuthembeka Okungcono
Ama-microinverter amaningi aneziqinisekiso zeminyaka engu-25- - afanayo namawaranti ephaneli yelanga. Iziguquli zezintambo ngokuvamile zineziqinisekiso zeminyaka engu-12–15, okusho ukuthi cishe uzoshintsha isiguquli sezintambo okungenani kanye ngesikhathi seminyaka engu-25 yesistimu yakho (izindleko zokushintshwa: $1,000–$2,500 ifakiwe).
Idatha yokuthembeka isekela lokhu: izilinganiso zokuhluleka kwe-microinverter zisebenza cishe kumayunithi angu-1 kumayunithi angu-800 eminyakeni emibili yokuqala, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-1 ku-350 yama-inverter eyunithi yezinhlamvu. Ukubamba amandla aphansi ngeyunithi ngayinye kusho ukucindezelwa okushisayo okuncane, okuwumshayeli oyinhloko wokuwohloka kwengxenye ye-elekthronikhi.
5. Easy System Ukwandiswa
Ukwengeza amaphaneli kusistimu ye-microinverter kuqondile - ukufaka amaphaneli amasha, namathisela ama-microinverter amasha, xhuma kuzintambo ezikhona ze-AC. Abukho-ubunjiniyela bamandla kagesi we-DC, akukho mkhawulo we-inverter umthamo okufanele sikhathazeke ngakho.
Nge-inverter yeyunithi yezinhlamvu, ukwengeza amaphaneli kungase kudlule umthamo wokufaka we-inverter noma iwindi le-voltage, okudinga inverter yentambo entsha ngokuphelele. Lokhu kwenza ama-microinverter abe yinketho engcono kubanikazi bezindlu abahlela ukunweba - ikakhulukazi njengeizinhlelo zokugcina amandlaukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kukagesi wasekhaya futhi ufune amandla elanga amaningi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
6. Ukuhambisana Nesitoreji Sebhethri
Amasistimu esimanje elanga-kanye{1}}nesitoreji abhanqa ama-microinverter namasistimu webhethri ahlanganisiwe we-AC{2}. Ama-microinverter aguqula i-DC abe yi-AC ezingeni lephaneli, futhi isiguquli sebhethri esihlukile silawula ukushaja nokukhipha ibhange lebhethri.
Lesi sakhiwo sinikeza ukuguquguquka okuphelele komkhiqizo - awukhiyekile ku-ecosystem yomkhiqizi oyedwa kukho kokubili ilanga nesitoreji. Ukuze uthole ukuqhathanisa okuningiliziwe kokuthi i-AC{2}}ihlanganiswe kanye ne-DC{3}}izakhiwo ezihlangene ziyithinta kanjani ukusebenza kahle nezindleko zesistimu yakho yesitoreji, bheka umhlahlandlela wethu kokuthiukuthi amasistimu okugcina amandla ebhethri asebenza kanjani.
I-Micro Inverter vs. I-String Inverter: Izinombolo
| Isici | I-Micro Inverter | I-Inverter yentambo | I-String + Optimizers |
|---|---|---|---|
| Izindleko nge-watt ngayinye (i-inverter kuphela) | $0.30–$0.50 | $0.10–$0.20 | $0.25–$0.40 |
| Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu | 96–97.5% | 97–98.5% | 97–98.5% (i-inverter) |
| Ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa komthunzi | Kuhle kakhulu ({0}}iphaneli ngalinye le-MPPT) | Kubi (iyunithi-izinga) | Kuhle ({0}}ngephaneli ngayinye) |
| Iphaneli-yokuqapha izinga | Yebo (kufakiwe) | Cha | Yebo (ngesilungiseleli) |
| Iwaranti | Iminyaka engu-25 | Iminyaka engu-12-15 | Iminyaka engama-25 (i-optimizer) / iminyaka eyi-12-15 (inverter) |
| I-NEC yokuthobela ukuvala shaqa ngokushesha | Kwakhelwe-ngaphakathi | Idinga{0}}ukwengezwa | Kwakhelwe-ngaphakathi |
| Ukunwetshwa kwesistimu | Kulula (engeza amaphaneli + ama-microinverters) | I-Complex (ingadinga inverter entsha) | Kuphakathi |
| Iphuzu elilodwa lokwehluleka | Akukho (kusatshalaliswa) | Yebo (i-inverter eyodwa) | Yebo (i-inverter eyodwa) |
| Izinga lokuhluleka elijwayelekile (iminyaka emi-2) | ~0.13% | ~0.29% | ~0.29% (i-inverter) |
Uma ama-inverters eyunithi yezinhlamvu asawina:Uma uphahla lwakho lungenamthunzi, lubheke eningizimu-, futhi wonke amaphaneli asendizeni eyodwa, inverter yeyunithi yezinhlamvu yonga u-$0.10–$0.20/watt ngokukhiqiza okufanayo. Ngohlelo lwe-10 kW, lokho kungu-$1,000–$2,000 ekongeni kwangaphambili. Kodwa isici ekushintsheni kwesiguquli sochungechunge olulodwa ngonyaka we-12 ($1,500 efakiwe), futhi umehluko wezindleko zokuphila uyancipha kakhulu.
Izicelo ezihamba phambili zama-Solar Micro Inverters
Uphahla lwezindlu eziyinkimbinkimbi.Uphahla-oluningi, ama-dormer, ama-skylight, oshimula, nezihlahla ezizungezile konke kudala ukuthungatha okuncane. Ama-Microinverter asusa umthunzi-ukulahlekelwa kokukhiqiza okuhlobene futhi andise i-ROI kuwo wonke amaphaneli. Leli ikesi eliqine kakhulu lokusebenzisa ama-microinverter nalapho inzuzo yokukhiqiza engu-5–25% ngaphezu kweziguquli zezintambo ibonakala kakhulu.
Ukufakwa-okuhlanganisiwe kokuma.Amaphaneli ophahleni oluseningizimu, empumalanga, nasentshonalanga athola amanani ahlukene okukhanya kwelanga usuku lonke. Ama-inverter ezintambo anamaphaneli kuma-orientation amaningi abhekana nokulahlekelwa kokungafani kwe-MPPT. Ama-Microinverters aphatha umumo ngamunye ngokuzimela.
Amasistimu amancane ophahleni (ngaphansi kuka-4 kW).Kuvulandi wefulethi welanga, amasistimu amancane ophahleni, noma ukufakwa kweziqalisi, ama-microinverter anikeza ipulaki-kanye{1}nodlala kalula. Amanye amamodeli asekela ukusetshenziswa kwe-DIY ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-smartphone ngaphandle kwamathuluzi okulungisa ochwepheshe.
Amasistimu anwebekayo.Abanikazi bezindlu bahlela ukwengeza i-EV, iphampu yokushisa, nomaindawo yokuhlala yebhethringokuzayo kungaqala ngesistimu encane ye-microinverter futhi kunwetshwe iphaneli-ngephaneli{1}} njengoba izidingo zamandla zikhula.
Ukuphepha{0}ukufakwa okubalulekile.Izikole, izibhedlela, iziteshi zezicishamlilo, nezakhiwo ezisezindaweni ezinomlilo wequbula-ezivamile zizuza ekuthobeleni ukuvaleka okusheshayo kwe-microinverters' kanye nokungabikho kwezintambo eziphezulu-ze-DC eziphezu kophahla.
Lapho NGEKE Ukhethe Ama-Micro Inverters
Uphahla olukhulu lwezentengiselwano olungenawo umthunzi.Uphahla lwezentengiselwano oluyisicaba olunamandla angu-100 kW olungenazihibe kanye nokuma kwephaneli efanayo lusetshenziswa kangcono isistimu yokuguqula izintambo. Izindleko zokonga esikalini ($0.10–$0.20/watts × 100,000 watts=$10,000–$20,000) idlula inzuzo yokukhiqiza encane yama-microinverter.
Izimo zokushisa eziphakeme kakhulu.Ama-Microinverter afakwe ngemuva kwamaphaneli ophahleni - indawo eshisa kakhulu ohlelweni. Nakuba iningi liphethe izilinganiso ze-IP67 futhi lisebenza kufika ku-65 degree, ukushisa okuqhubekayo okuqinile kusheshisa ukuguga kwe-capacitor. Ezimweni zezulu eziwugwadule ezinamazinga okushisa ophahleni adlula ama-degree angu-80, iziguquli zezintambo ezifakwe ezindaweni ezinomthunzi ngaphansi komugqa wophahla zingahlala isikhathi eside.
Ibhajethi{0}}enomkhawulo, ukufakwa okulula.Uma unophahla olubheke eningizimu-oluvuleleke ngokuphelele kanye nesabelomali esiqinile, isiguquli sentambo siletha u-97–98% wamandla ngo-60–70% wezindleko ze-inverter.
Ama-Micro Inverters Abhanqa kanjani Nesitoreji Sebhethri
Ingxenye ekhula ngokushesha-yemakethe yendawo yokuhlala yelanga yi-solar-kanye{2}}yesitoreji, futhi ama-microinverter ahlangana ngokwemvelo ngokusebenzisa i-AC coupling. I-topology isebenza kanje:
Amaphaneli elanga → Ama-Microinverter → Ibhasi le-AC → Imithwalo yasendlini / Igridi / Isiguquli sebhethri → Ibhethri
Ama-microinverter kanye ne-inverter yebhethri zisebenza ngokuzimela ebhasini le-AC. Akaphoqi omunye. Ungakhetha noma iyiphi ibhrendi ye-microinverter nganoma iyiphi isistimu yebhethri - Ngokwesibonelo, i-Enphase microinverters ngebhange lebhethri le-Polinovel LiFePO4.
Kubanikazi bezindlu abahlola ukuthi ngabeisitoreji sebhethri samandla elanga singanciphisa izikweletu zabo zikagesi, i-microinverter + AC{1}}isakhiwo sebhethri esihlanganisiwe sinikeza indlela elula yokuthuthukisa: faka i-solar kuqala, engeza amabhethri kamuva lapho amanani e-TOU noma izinguquko ze-net meter zithethelela ukutshalwa kwezimali.
Ukuze uqonde izindleko zesistimu eziphelele ezihlanganisa isitoreji sebhethri, ukufakwa, kanye{0}}ne-ROI yesikhathi eside, bona incazelo yethu enemininingwaneizindleko zesistimu yokugcina amandla ebhethri.
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Ama-solar micro inverters ahlala isikhathi esingakanani?
Ama-microinverter amaningi anewaranti yeminyaka engu-25 futhi yakhelwe impilo yesevisi yeminyaka engu-25–{2}}. Ingxenye yokugqoka eyinhloko yi-electrolytic capacitor, ehla ngokushesha emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Abakhiqizi bekhwalithi basebenzisa ama-capacitor wefilimu noma banciphise ama-electrolytic capacitor ukuphila okunwetshiwe.
Ngingakwazi yini ukuhlanganisa amabhrendi e-micro inverter nemikhiqizo yamaphaneli ahlukene?
Yebo. Ama-Microinverter awanawo amandla kagesi - amukela ububanzi bamandla kagesi okufakwayo nama-currents e-DC. Qondanisa ukucaciswa kokufakwayo okuphezulu kwe-microinverter ne-Voc yephaneli yakho (i-open-i-voltage ye-circuit) ne-Isc (isikhashana-yesifunda samanje) ngezinga lokushisa elibanda kakhulu elilindelekile, futhi noma iyiphi inhlanganisela yomkhiqizo iyasebenza.
Ingabe ama-micro inverters ayasebenza ngesikhathi sokucima kukagesi?
Ama-microinverter ajwayelekile ayavaleka phakathi nokucisha kwegridi (ukuvikela{0}}okuvimba isiqhingi). Nokho, igridi-ekha ama-microinverter (njengochungechunge lwe-Enphase IQ8) ingadala i-microgrid yasendaweni kanye nemithwalo ebalulekile yamandla phakathi nokucisha - ngebhethri noma ngaphandle kwalo. Leli khono libaluleke kakhulu uma libhangqwe ne-auhlelo lokugcina amandla ebhethriukuze uthole ikhophi yasenqolobaneni enwetshiwe.
Ingabe ama-micro inverters abiza izindleko ezengeziwe?
Ophahleni olunomthunzi noma oluyinkimbinkimbi, ngokuphelele - inzuzo yokukhiqiza engu-5–25% kanye newaranti yeminyaka engu-25-kuletha i-ROI yempilo engcono kunazo zonke kuneziguquli zezintambo ezishibhile. Ophahleni olulula, olungafakwanga umthunzi, icala lezezimali liseduze, kodwa izinzuzo zokuphepha, ukuqapha, nokunwebeka zisanikeza inani. Isici ezindlekweni ezingase zibe khona zokushintshwa kwesishintshi sochungechunge olulodwa eminyakeni engu-25, futhi isamba-sezindleko{9}segebe lobunikazi liyancipha libe eduze kukaziro ezimweni eziningi.
Imiklamo ye-Polinovel iqedileizinhlelo zokugcina amandla ebhethriiyahambisana nawo wonke amapulatifomu amakhulu we-microinverter nge-AC coupling. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufaka isistimu entsha ye-solar-kanye{2}}yesitoreji noma ukulungisa kabusha amabhethri kuhlelo olukhona lwe-microinverter,xhumana nethimba lethu lonjiniyelaukuze uthole ukwesekwa komklamo wesistimu kanye nenani lentengo.