Imakethe yokugcina amandla ihamba ngokushesha kunalokho iningi lethu elingalandelela. Futhi yilokho kanye inkinga. Inyanga nenyanga kuba khona uguquko olusha lwebhethri oluthembisayo, enye insiza ememezela ukusetshenziswa okukhulu, noma ukuqalisa okuthile abathi baphule ikhodi kugridi{2}}yesitoreji sesikali. Uma ungabuyekezi ukuthi yini ngempela esebenzayo-futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, yini ehlulekayo-uyimpumputhe ngempela.
Umbuzo awukho ukuthi wenakufaneleqaphela izinhlelo zokusebenza zokugcina amandla. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungakwazi yini ukukhokhela.
Umbuzo Wemali (Ngoba Masithembeke)
Izigidigidi zamaRandi zitheleka endaweni yokugcina amandla njengamanje. I-BloombergNEF ifake ukutshalwa kwezimali komhlaba wonke ngaphezulu kwezigidigidi ezingama-36 zamarandi ngo-2023 kuphela, futhi lelo nani lilokhu likhuphuka. Kodwa nakhu imibiko ecwebezelayo engakutsheli yona: inani elimangalisayo lala maphrojekthi alenzi kahle. Abanye bayehluleka ngokuphelele. I-Hornsdale Power Reserve eseNingizimu Australia? Impumelelo enkulu. Umlilo webhethri le-AES Alamitos eCalifornia? Hhay kangako.
Ukuqondanganiezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ziyaphumelela kuyilapho ezinye ithangi lingelona imfundo-iwukusinda. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyisisetshenziswa esizama ukuthola ukuthi kufanele yini umiselele iziqongo zegesi yakho, umtshali-zimali ohlola ukuqaliswa kwesitoreji, noma u-opharetha wegridi ozibuzayo ukuthi udinga amandla angakanani okulawula imvamisa, lezi zinqumo zinemiphumela yangempela.
Izindleko zokukuthola kungalungile? Sikhuluma amashumi ezigidi, ngezinye izikhathi amakhulu ezigidi. Leyo akuyona imali ye-monopoly.
Ukukhetha Ubuchwepheshe Kunzima Kunokuba Kubukeka
Into eyodwa engiyiqaphele ezingxoxweni zomkhakha ukuthi abantu bavame ukuphatha kanjani "ukugcinwa kwamandla" njengalesi sigaba se-monolithic. Akunjalo. I-Lithium-ion ibusa izihloko zezindaba, impela, kodwa zama ukusebenzisa ibhethri le-lithium ukugcina isizini{3}}uzoshisa emijikelezweni ngokushesha kunokuba ukwazi ukubala isikhathi sokukhokha. Ngaleso sikhathi, amabhethri agelezayo ahlala lapho ebukeka eyisicefe kodwa enza inani eliphakeme ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezidinga ukukhishwa kwehora elingu-4+. I-hydro yamanzi? Kusenjalo kubangele cishe u-90% womthamo wesitoreji somhlaba wonke, futhi abantu abaningi bayakhohlwa ukuthi ukhona.
Iphuzu liwukuthi: ukufanisa ubuchwepheshe nesicelo yikho konke. Isistimu ye-flywheel elungele ukulawula imvamisa ingaba nengqondo ngesikhathi-so{2}}sokusebenzisa i-arbitrage. Isitoreji esishisayo sinengqondo ngezinqubo ezithile zezimboni futhi cishe akukho kwenye indawo. Ngeke wazi ukuthi usebenzise ini uma ungaqondi ukuthi yini esetshenzisiwe-nokuthi isebenze kanjani.
Lokhu kuwukukhuthala okuyisisekelo. Kodwa ngokumangazayo zimbalwa izinhlangano ezikwenza kahle.
Ukuzinza Kwegridi: Lapho Izinto Ziba nzima
Ake ngichithe isikhathi esiningi kulokhu ngoba kuyajabulisa ngempela-futhi kuya ngokuya kugxeka. Amagridi kagesi esimanje aklanywe azungeze amajeneretha amakhulu, aphakathi nendawo ajikeleza ngamaza angabikezelwa. Izitshalo zamalahle, ama-reactors enuzi,-ahlanganisa ama-cycle gas turbines. Le mishini inesisindo esikhulu sokuzungeza (inertia) esimisa ngokwemvelo ukuguquguquka kwefrikhwensi. Lapho isidingo sikhuphuka ngokuzumayo, leso sisindo sokuphotha sikuthengela isikhathi.
Amandla avuselelekayo ashintsha isibalo ngokuphelele. Amaphaneli elanga nezinjini zomoya aziphenduki ngendlela efanayo. Axhunywe ngamandla kagesi aphendula ngendlela ehlukile. Njengoba okuvuselelekayo kudla amandla okukhiqiza ajwayelekile{3}}I-Germany ifinyelele u-59% kagesi ovuselelekayo kuma-opharetha wegridi ka-2023 ibhekene nenselelo yokuqina ehluke kakhulu.
Yilapho izinhlelo zokusebenza zesitoreji ziba ezithakazelisayo ngempela ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe. Amasistimu ebhethri angaphendula ngama-millisecond. Hhayi imizuzwana-ama-millisecond. Lokho kuyashesha ukwedlula noma iyiphi ijeneretha eyimishini. IGridi Kazwelonke yase-UK ibizama ngezinsizakalo "zokuphendula imvamisa ezithuthukisiwe" amasistimu webhethri abusa ngokuphelele. I-PJM Interconnection empumalanga ye-United States ibone amabhethri ethwebula ingxenye enkulu yemakethe yawo yokulawula imvamisa cishe ngobusuku obubodwa.
Kodwa-futhi lena impendulo enkulu kodwa{1}}esheshayo akuyona yonke into. Izimpendulo ezisimeme nazo zibalulekile. Futhi ubude besikhathi. Futhi indawo kugridi. Nezindlela zokubuyisa izindleko. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwalezi zici kungase kube yinkimbinkimbi ngokumangazayo, yingakho nje ukubuyekezwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhona kubalulekile. Ithiyori ikufikisa kuze kube manje.
Izinhlungu Zekhanda Ezilawulayo
Ngizokhuluma iqiniso: Ngithola izindaba zokulawula zingathandeki ukubhala ngazo, kodwa ngokungangabazeki zibaluleke kakhulu kunobuchwepheshe ngokwabo. Izimpahla zesitoreji ngokuvamile ziwela phakathi kwezigaba zendabuko zokulawula. Ingabe ibhethri liyijeneretha? Umthwalo? Ingqalasizinda yokudlulisa? Impendulo ithinta yonke into kusukela ekuvumeleni imigqa yesikhathi kuya emathubeni okunqwabelanisa imali engenayo.
I-FERC Order 841 e-United States izame ukucacisa izinto ngokudinga izimakethe zezitolo ezinkulu ukuze zifake isitoreji. I-Clean Energy Package yaseYurophu yathatha indlela ehlukile. I-National Electricity Market yase-Australia inezinkimbinkimbi zayo. Ukuqonda ukuthi imithetho ikwakha kanjani ukusebenza kwesicelo ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene kudinga ukutadisha ukuthunyelwa kwangempela{4}}lokho okugunyaziwe, yini eye yanqatshwa, yini ebambeke ku-limbo.
Ukufunda Ekuhlulekeni (Hhayi Impumelelo Kuphela)
Wonke umuntu uthanda ukukhuluma ngebhethri elikhulu likaTesla noma indawo ye-Moss Landing. Sekwanele{1}lezi izimpumelelo zangempela. Kodwa ngingaphikisa ukuthi ufunde okwengeziwe kumaphrojekthi ahamba eceleni.
Ukuqhuma kwebhethri leMcMicken e-Arizona ngo-2019 kwabulala izicishamlilo ezimbili kwalimaza abanye abambalwa. Uphenyo lwembule ukwehluleka ekulawuleni okushisayo, ukwakheka kokungenisa umoya, kanye nezinqubo zokusabela ezimeni eziphuthumayo. Lezi kwakungezona izingozi ezingavamile{3}bezibonakala kusengaphambili ngokubuyekezwa okufanele kwezehlakalo zangaphambili. Iyunithi yezinhlamvu yomlilo webhethri yase-South Korea ngo-2017-2019 (imililo engu-23!) bekumele iqhubekisele phambili ukuhlolwa kabusha kwemboni yonke. Kwenza, ekugcineni, kodwa hhayi ngaphambi komonakalo omkhulu.
Ngasohlangothini lwezohwebo, ngemuva{0}}kokufakwa{1}}kokufakwa kwesitoreji samamitha akwenzanga kahle ukonga kwabo obekucatshangelwe ngenxa yokuthi izinhlaka zokukhokhiswa kwesidingo aziqondwanga kahle, noma ubukhulu be-solar-plus{3}}ubukhulu besitoreji buthuthukiselwe izikhathi ezingalungile. Lokhu akukhona ukwehluleka konjiniyela-ukuhluleka kokubuyekezwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Ngemuva-ko{1}}kobunzima bemitha
Amakhasimende ezohwebo nezimboni abhekene nesethi yokucatshangelwa okuqinile. Izindleko ezifunwayo, isikhathi-so{2}}sokusebenzisa{2}}izilinganiso zokusetshenziswa, imithetho yokuxhumanisa, izimfuneko zamandla ekhophi yasenqolobaneni, izithiyo zesikhala, ukuthobela ukuphepha komlilo, izinketho zezimali-konke lokhu kusebenzisana{4}}ngezindlela eziqondile ezenza i-cookie{5}}izixazululo ze-cutter zibe yingozi.
Imboni eyenza imithi enezidingo eziqinile zesikhathi sokugcina izokwazisa isitoreji ngendlela ehlukile kunendawo yokugcina impahla elawula isimo sezulu. Isikhungo sedatha sesivele sinawo amajeneretha agcina udizili{1}}ingabe isitoreji siyahambisana noma siyaqhudelana? Izitolo zezitolo zinemithwalo ephezulu kakhulu kodwa isabelomali semali esilinganiselwe. Uhlelo lokusebenza ngalunye lubukeka luhlukile.
Abathengisi abathengisa lawa masistimu ngokusobala bagcizelela-izimo ezingcono kakhulu. Ukubuyekezwa kwezicelo ezizimele kunikeza ukulungiswa okudingekayo.
Izicelo Ezisafufusa Ezifanele Ukubuka
Izitshalo zamandla abonakalayo. Imoto-iya-ukuhlanganiswa kwegridi. Isitoreji{4}sesikhathi eside sokulinganisa kwesizini. Lezi zisathuthuka, futhi ngokweqiniso, anginazo iziphetho eziqinile engingazinikeza okwamanje. Kodwa lelo uhlobo lwephuzu{7}}lokubuyekeza okuqhubekayo kukugcina unolwazi njengoba isimo sezwe sishintsha.
Ngakho Yini Okufanele Uyenze Empeleni?
Buyekeza izinhlelo zokusebenza zokugcina amandla ngokuhlelekile. Hhayi njengokuzivocavoca{1}isikhathi esisodwa, kodwa njengokuzijwayeza okuqhubekayo. Bhalisela isizindalwazi sezigameko. Landela amadokodo okulawula. Yiya ezingqungqutheleni zemboni lapho opharetha babelana ngedatha yokusebenza kwangempela kunokuqagela kokumaketha. Khuluma nabantu abakhiphe amasistimu ubabuze ukuthi yini ebamangazile.
Funda amaphepha okusebenza, yebo, kodwa futhi ufunde-izidumbu. I-National Renewable Energy Laboratory ishicilela ukuhlaziya okuhle kakhulu. Kanjalo ne-Electric Power Research Institute. Amandla-I-Storage.news ihlanganisa ukuthunyelwa emhlabeni wonke ngombono ophusile.
Ukushintsha kwamandla kubaluleke kakhulu-futhi kubiza kakhulu{1}}ukuzulazula ngomzwelo wemvelo wedwa. Ukubuyekezwa kohlelo lokusebenza okuhlelekile akuwona umsebenzi owubukhazikhazi, kodwa kuyisisekelo konke okunye okusekelwe kuso.
Futhi empeleni, uma ungakwenzi lokhu kakade, kufanele uqale.