I-BESS Frequency Regulation: Indlela Yokwenza Usayizi we-MW kanye ne-MWh

I-BESS frequency regulationisebenzisa amandla ebhethri asheshayo, abheke kabili ukulungisa-ukungalingani kwesikhashana phakathi kokuphakelwa kukagesi kanye nokufunwa kwawo. Uma ifrikhwensi yegridi iwa, isistimu yokugcina amandla ebhethri ikhipha amandla asebenzayo. Uma ifrikhwensi ikhuphuka, iyashaja futhi imunce amandla. Isilawuli sesitshalo,uhlelo lokuphatha amandla, isistimu yokuguqula amandla kanye nesistimu yokuphatha ibhethri yabelana ngalo msebenzi, futhi ngayinye yazo ingakhawulela ngokuzimela impendulo.

Isivinini siyingxenye elula. Noma iyiphi i-inverter yesimanje{1}esekelwe ku-BESS ingashintsha amandla asebenzayo ngomzuzwana noma ngaphansi. Yini enqumayo ukuthi-iphrojekthi yokulawula izuza imali ayibukhazikhazi kangako: mangakanani amandla asetshenziswa ngempela ngaphakathi kwesimo esivunyelwe-se-sefasitela lokushaja, ukuthi kungakanani ukubambezeleka okuhlala phakathi kwemitha nesiguquli, noma ngabe isignali yokulawula ikhukhulela ibhethri ekugcineni kobubanzi bayo, nokuthi ingabe isikhungo siyawuphumelela yini umzamo wokuqinisekisa ubunikazi ku-opharetha wesistimu kuqala.

Lo mhlahlandlela uhamba phakathi kwempendulo ngokwayo, i-arithmetic yokulinganisa enesibonelo esisetshenziwe ngokugcwele, izindlela zokuhluleka ezibonakala ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa.

Iyini i-BESS Frequency Regulation?

Ukuvama kwegridi kubonisa-ibhalansi yesikhathi sangempela phakathi kokukhiqiza nokusetshenziswa. Uma isidingo sidlula isizukulwane, imvamisa iyehla. Uma isizukulwane sidlula isidingo, imvamisa iyakhuphuka. Imvamisa-insiza elawulayo ishintsha amandla ayo asebenzayo ukuze isize ukubuyisela leyo bhalansi.

I-BESS ingahamba nhlangothi zombili:

• Impendulo ye-Underfrequency:ibhethri likhipha amandla kugridi.
• Impendulo ye-overfrequency:ibhethri liyashaja futhi limunca amandla kugridi.

Amasistimu aseNyakatho Melika ngokuvamile asebenza ngo-60 Hz okuzisholo; amasistimu amaningi aseYurophu, e-UK nezinye eziningi asebenza ku-50 Hz. Ama-threshold okuqalisa, ama-deadband namaphrofayili okuphendula adingekayo avela ekhodini yegridi esebenzayo kanye no-opharetha wesistimu, hhayi kumnikezeli webhethri.

Umehluko owodwa kufanele ulungiswe kusenesikhathi, ngoba ushayela yonke into phansi: ukulawulwa kwamafrikhwensi aamandlaservice, amandla okusekela i-amandlaisevisi. Umthetho ucela izinguquko zamandla ezisheshayo, ezinembile, eziphindaphindwayo zikalwa ngamasekhondi namaminithi. Ikhophi yasenqolobaneni icela okukhiphayo okuqhubekayo kukalwa ngamahora. I-BESS eyodwa ingenza kokubili, kodwa kufanele ilinganiswe futhi ilawulwe kukho kokubili - futhi imisebenzi emibili izoqhudelana ngesimo esifanayo sokukhokhisa.

Kungani I-Grid Frequency Ishintsha

Ugesi usetshenziswa ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho ukhiqizwa khona, ngakho-ke ukungafani kuvele ngokushesha njengokuchezuka kwefrikhwensi. Izimbangela ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa uhambo lwejeneretha, iphutha lokudlulisa, ukukhanya okukhulu kwemboni, ushintsho olungazelelwe kokuphumayo okuvuselelekayo, iphutha lokubikezela, umcimbi wokuxhumanisa noma ukunqanyulwa komthwalo omkhulu. Usayizi nesivinini sokungalingani kushayela Izinga Lokushintsha Imvamisa, ukujula kwe-nadir yefrikhwensi kanye nenani lamandla okulungisa isistimu ewadingayo.

Amajeneretha angama-synchronous athwala isisindo esiphendukayo esimelana ngokwemvelo nokushintsha kwefrikhwensi okungazelelwe. I-Solar PV, izitshalo eziningi zomoya kanye nayo yonke i-BESS ixhumeka ngogesi wamandla esikhundleni salokho. Njengoba izinsiza ezisekelwe ku-inverter-zithatha indawo yengxenye yemikhumbi evumelanisiwe, inertia encane ezungezayo iyatholakala, futhi impendulo eyengeziwe kufanele ivele kuzilawuli ezilungiselelwe ngokufanele nezigciniwe zenkontileka. Umhlahlandlela wokwethenjelwa we-NERC kuI-BPS-ixhume isitoreji samandla ebhethri nezitshalo eziyingxubeiphatha impendulo yemvamisa esheshayo njengekhono i-BESS okufanele ikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngayo, futhi incoma izinzuzo eziguquguqukayo ze-droop nama-deadband kuzo zombili izindlela zokushaja nokukhipha, ngoshintsho olungenamthungo phakathi kwakho.

Indlela I-BESS Frequency Regulation esebenza ngayo: Umcimbi Owodwa, Wesibili Ngesibili

Izindatshana eziningi zichaza amabhlogo okulawula. Kuwusizo kakhulu ukulandela umcimbi owodwa ngokusebenzisa isitshalo. Umugqa wesikhathi ongezansi uwumfanekiso osetshenziselwe isitshalo esingu-10 MW kusistimu engu-50 Hz esabela kusici sasendaweni se-droop - izinombolo zimele, hhayi ukucaciswa.

Izinto ezimbili ezikulolo chungechunge okufanele sigxile kuzo, ngoba yilapho amaphrojekthi ehluleka khona ngempela.

Okokuqala, ukuchezuka-ekuguquleni amandla{1}kumandla. Impendulo ye-droop ivame ukubhalwa njengeimpendulo yamandla=ukuchezuka imvamisa × ukuzuza kokulawula. Lobo ubuhlobo bomqondo bokuchaza umbono, hhayi isibalo sokuklama. Ukuqaliswa kwangempela kudinga inhlanganisela yophawu, ireferensi yokulinganisa okujwayelekile, amaphesenti okwehla abhekiselwe kusisekelo samandla esichaziwe, i-deadband, ukugcwaliswa kwesikhala ngamandla alinganiselwe, umkhawulo werempu, nezinsimbi eziqinile ezivela ku-SOC nezinga lokushisa. Endaweni ehambisanayo ye-Continental Europe, isibonelo, i-ENTSO-E'sinqubomgomo ezimpahleni ze-FCRkudinga ukuthi ukwenza kusebenze kungalibaziseka ngokuzenzisa futhi kuqale ngaphambi kwamasekhondi amabili ngemva kwesinyathelo semvamisa, ukuthi i-FCR egcwele ilethwa ngokuchezuka okungu-200 mHz, nokuthi i-deadband ehlanganisiwe nokungabi nokuzwela kuhlala phakathi kuka-10 mHz. Lawo mapharamitha amane - ireferensi, i-droop, deadband, saturation - yilokho unjiniyela wokuhlola azokuhlola.

Okwesibili, ukuhlukaniswa kwegunya. Uhlu olude lwezici zokulawula alutsheli umfundi lutho ngokuthi ubani onesibopho lapho impendulo ifika sekwephuzile. Ezakhiweni eziningi zezitshalo ukuhlukaniswa kubukeka kanjena:

• Ama-PC:isilinganiso serempu, ukulandelela ukunemba eduze kwamandla anguziro, ukushaja okungenazihibe{0}}ukuze{1}}ukhiphe inguquko, iphutha lokugibela{2}}udlule. Ukubambezeleka lapha kuvamise ukuba ama-millisecond futhi akuvamile ukuba kube yinkinga.
• Isilawuli sezitshalo / EMS:i-droop curve, i-deadband, ukulungiswa kwe-SOC, ukwaba phakathi kwezinsizakalo ezistakiwe, ukuziphatha ekulahlekeni kokuxhumana. Lapha kulapho izingxabano eziningi zokulungisa ziba khona.
• I-BMS:ukushaja okusheshayo kanye nemikhawulo yamandla okukhipha, ngokusekelwe ku-voltage yeselula, yamanje, izinga lokushisa kanye ne-SOC. Kunganciphisa buthule umthamo wakho wenkontileka phakathi ekuseni okubandayo.

Umkhawulo we-BMS ufanele ukunakwa esigabeni sokuklama hhayi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Amaseli e-lithium amukela inkokhiso encane kakhulu yamanje ekushiseni okuphansi, ngakho isitshalo esilingana kahle kuma-degree angu-25 singase singakwazi ukuletha isimiso esilinganiselwe esiphansi esilinganiselwe ku-−5 degrees kuze kube yilapho amaphakethe efudumala. Abavunyelweizinga lokushisa elisebenzayo lebhethrikanye nekhono lesistimu ye-thermal lokuyibamba ngakho-ke kuyingxenye yemvamisa-yedizayini yesevisi, hhayi umcabango wakamuva.

I-Frequency Regulation vs I-Fast Frequency Response: Lapho Umngcele Uhlala Khona

Itemu yemvamisa ayifani emhlabeni wonke, futhi imikhiqizo yezentengiso ayishintsheki. Amasistimu ase-Europe asebenzisa i-Frequency Containment Reserve, i-automatic Frequency Restoration Reserve kanye ne-manual Frequency Restoration Reserve; izimakethe ze-Nordic zihlukanisa i-FCR ngemikhiqizo{1}}ejwayelekile yokusebenza kanye nesiphazamiso. Izimakethe zaseNyakatho Melika zisebenzisa i-Primary Frequency Response, Regulation Up and Down, Fast Frequency Response, indawo egciniwe evumelanisiwe kanye nokugcinwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo. Imephu yemisebenzi iqondana ngokomqondo, njengezansi.

Umphumela wokuklama uqondile. Umkhiqizo wesitayela{1}}wesimo esiphuthumayo awuvamile ukubizwa, ngakho-ke amandla ngokuvula ngakunye mancane kodwa ubude besikhathi sokulethwa esidingekayo side. Isiginali yokulawula elandelwa ngokuqhubekayo ibizwa njalo, ngakho-ke ukuphuma kuphezulu futhi i-SOC drift iyingozi enkulu. Ibhethri elifanayo le-10 MW liwumshini ohlukile esimweni ngasinye.

I-BESS Frequency Regulation Controls, Ukubambezeleka kanye ne-Telemetry

Isakhiwo esijwayelekile sisebenzisa imitha yegridi → isilawuli sesitshalo noma i-EMS →uhlelo lokuguqula amandla→ amarack ebhethri, anempendulo egeleza emuva ngendlela efanayo eya ku-SCADA. Uhlu lwezicaciso lwalolo chungechunge lude, kodwa izinto ezintathu zenza ingxenye enkulu yokuqala-yehluleka ukuhlola umzamo:

1. Qeda-ukuze{1}}kuphele ukubambezeleka, ikalwa ukusuka kuhambo lokuvama kumitha ukuya emandleni endaweni yokuxhuma - hhayi isikhathi sokuphendula se-PCS esicashunwe kumininingwane. Izinga lokubuyekeza imitha, izikhathi zokuhlunga, isikhawu sokuvota kwephrothokholi kanye nesikhathi somjikelezo wesilawuli konke kuyanqwabelana.
2. Ukucushwa kwe-Deadband ne-droop, evame ukusethwa ezindaweni ezintathu (PCS, isilawuli sezitshalo, i-EMS) futhi idinga ukusetha ngokungaguquki kweyodwa yazo.
3. Ukuxhumana{0}} nokuziphatha kokulahlekelwa, ngoba opharetha uzoyihlola. Ukuthi isitshalo siphethe iphoyinti lokugcina, imigwaqo ukuya kuziro noma ibuyela emuva endaweni eyinkontileka, futhi idinga ukufana nemithetho yemakethe.

Indaba evamile yokuthunywa ihamba kanje: i-PCS iphendula ngaphansi kuka-200 ms ebhentshini, kodwa imitha iphendulwa nge-Modbus TCP ku-1 s, isilawuli siqhuba umjikelezo we-500 ms ngesihlungi se-1 s, futhi impendulo yesitshalo esilinganisiwe ifika cishe imizuzwana emibili ngemva kwesinyathelo. I-inverter ayizange ibe yinkinga. Ukuqamba iphrothokholi - I-Modbus TCP, IEC 61850, DNP3, noma isixhumi esibonakalayo sika-opharetha{9}}esiqondile - akwanele futhi; iphrojekthi kufanele ilungise amaphuzu edatha, ibuyekeze amanani, igunya lokulawula kanye nokuziphatha kokwehluleka ngokubhala.

I-MW vs MWh ye-Frequency Regulation

Iphutha elivame kakhulu lokulinganisa ukuthenga isistimu ngesilinganiso sayo se-MW. Isilinganiso se-MW sibeka ukuthi isitshalo singajova noma simunce amandla angakanani ngokuphazima kweso. Isilinganiso se-MWh sibeka ukuthi ingaqhubeka isikhathi esingakanani yenza njalo. Uma umehluko phakathiamandla namandla izilinganisokusengacacile, kuxazulule ngaphambi kokufunda isigaba esilandelayo, ngoba yonke into engezansi iyi-arithmetic eyakhelwe phezu kwayo.

Ubudlelwano bokuqala bulula:

Amandla adingekayo=amandla okulawula × isikhathi sokulethwa esidingekayo

Iphinde cishe neze impendulo. I-Nameplate MWh ayisebenziseki i-MWh, futhi igebe ngokuvamile liyisici sokubili noma ngaphezulu.

Indlela Yokwenza Usayizi We-BESS Yokulawulwa Kwemvamisa

Isinyathelo 1: Thatha imfuneko ku-opharetha wesistimu wangempela

Ngaphambi kwanoma yini enye, thola imanuwali yemakethe kanye nenqubo yokufaneleka kusengaphambili yegridi yakho nomkhiqizo, bese ukhipha: i-MW phezulu edingekayo, ukwehla kwe-MW edingekayo, isikhathi sokuphendula, isikhathi esigcwele-sokwenza kusebenze, ubude besikhathi sokulethwa, isikhathi sokuthola kabusha, ukunemba kanye nezidingo zokutholakala, ubuncane bosayizi webhidi, imithetho ye-metering ne-telemetry, kanye nenqubo yokuhlola ngokwayo. Ungakopishi izimfuneko ezisuka kwelinye izwe noma u-opharetha - leli yihora lenani eliphakeme-kuyo yonke inqubo yokuklama.

Isinyathelo sesi-2: Setha isilinganiso samandla ngokumelene nawo wonke umkhawulo osendleleni

Imali egciniwe enenkontileka akusona kuphela isimangalo ku-PCS. Amandla aphezulu angafakwa isilinganiso sokukhishwa kwe-PCS, umkhawulo wokukhipha i-BMS, umkhawulo wokuthekelisa wegridi, isilinganiso se-transformer, amandla agciniwe noma umthwalo wesayithi. Amandla aphansi anganqunywa isilinganiso sokushaja se-PCS, umkhawulo wenkokhiso ye-BMS, umkhawulo wokungeniswa kwegridi, umthamo osele noma isidingo sesayithi. Ngomkhiqizo we-symmetric, zombili izikhombisi-ndlela kufanele zitholakale ngomthamo wenkontileka ngesikhathi esisodwa - umkhawulo obophezelayo ngokuvamile lowo okungekho muntu owenziwe imodeli.

Isinyathelo sesi-3: Thola amandla asebenzisekayo, bese ubuyela emuva ukuze uthole i-nameplate

Yilapho isibonelo esisetshenziwe sizuza khona ukugcina.Izibalo ezingezansi ziyisibonelo esiyisibonelo sendlela yokuchaza; azizona izicaciso futhi akumele zisetshenziswe kuphrojekthi ngaphandle kwemithetho yomkhiqizo womsebenzisi.

Imfuneko:10 MW symmetric regulation, imizuzu engu-15 yokulethwa okugcwele okuqhubekayo kunoma iyiphi indlela.

• Amandla endaweni yokuxhuma, indlela ngayinye: 10 MW × 0.25 h =2.5 MWh.
• Indlela yokukhipha (i-PCS, i-transformer, izinsiza) cishe ku-94%: amaseli kufanele ahlinzeke mayelana2.66 MWh.
• Indlela yokushaja icishe ibe ngu-94%: imunca u-2.5 MWh kumitha ibeka cishe2.35 MWhkumaseli.
• Ukushwibeka kwe-DC okuphelele okufanele kuhlale ngaphakathi kwewindi elivunyelwe:≈ 5.0 MWh- kabili inombolo engenalwazi, ngoba umkhiqizo we-symmetric udinga amandla agciniwefuthii-headroom engenalutho ngesikhathi esifanayo.
• Iwindi le-SOC elivunyelwe lika-10–90% (80% liyasebenziseka): i-nameplate ekuqaleni kwempilo Inkulu noma ilingana no-5.0 / 0.8 ≈6.3 MWh.
• Iwaranti eqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwamandla angu-70% ngonyaka we-10, ngaphandle kokwengezwa: i-nameplate ≈ 5.0 / (0.8 × 0.7) ≈8.9 MWh.

Ngakho imfuneko "engu-15-yemizuzu" embonini engu-10 MW ikhiqiza isilinganiso samandla-kuya-namandla endaweni ethile phakathi kuka-0.63 no-0.89 MWh nge-MW - hhayi u-0.25 i-arithmetic yesihloko esishiwo. Isinqumo sobunjiniyela sibe sesicacile: thenga cishe u-9 MWh ngosuku lokuqala, yamukela i-capex futhi ujabulele{16}}izinga elingcono; noma wakhe cishe u-6.5 MWh futhi uzibophezele ekukhuliseni ngonyaka wesihlanu noma wesithupha. Zombili ziyakwazi ukuzivikela. Okungavikeleki ukucaphuna i-2.5 MWh. Engeza isayithi{17}}ukuncishiswa okukhethekile phezulu - i-ambient eqhubekayo engu-40℃izobiza umthamo osebenzisekayo futhi ikhuphule umthwalo osizayo, futhi umsebenzi owumphumela uyingxenye enkulu yokuthi kunganiukukhethwa kwesistimu yokupholisaisinqumo somthetho-semvamisa kunemininingwane yemishini.

Isinyathelo sesi-4: Khetha iwindi le-SOC ngamabomu

Ithagethi eseduze nendawo emaphakathi nobubanzi obuvunyelwe ilondoloza ukuguquguquka kwezinhlangothi ezimbili, kanye nomkhiqizo we-symmetric ovamise ukuba yindawo efanele yokuqala. Yisiqalo, hhayi umthetho. Ithagethi elungile ishintsha ngokuchema kwesiginali yomlando, i-asymmetry yesevisi, imithetho yokukhokhwa kwamandla, ikhemistri, izimo zewaranti, ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezistakiwe kanye nobude besikhathi besehlakalo esibi kakhulu esilindelwe{2}}. Isilawuli kufanele silungise ithagethi ngokushintshashintsha; iphesenti eligxilile eliqinile-elifakwe ikhodi ekusebenzeni liwumthombo owaziwayo-wokungasebenzi kahle kwempilo.

Isinyathelo sesi-5: Bandakanya ukucekelwa phansi nokuphela-kwe{2}}kwemajini empilo

Isitshalo esihlangabezana nemfuneko lapho esisha singase singaphumeleli onyakeni wesithupha. Imodeli yokulinganisa idinga ukuguga kwekhalenda, ukuguga kokugibela ibhayisikili, ukuchayeka kwezinga lokushisa, okulindelekile, isilinganiso se-SOC,-izinga le-C{1}}, imikhawulo yesiqinisekiso, icebo lokwandisa kanye - nesiphetho esicacile{4}}se{5}}semfuneko yokusebenza kwempilo eshiwo kumayunithi afanayo nenkontileka.

Isinyathelo sesi-6: Lingisa ngokumelene nedatha yangempela

Ukulingisa ngokumelene nemvamisa yommeleli noma idatha yokuthunyelwa kuyindlela yokuklama enokwethenjelwa kakhulu etholakalayo, kodwa isincomo asilutho ngaphandle kwamapharamitha ako. Ucwaningo olungavikeleki luthi iyiphi idathasethi yomlando eyasetshenziswa futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhathi samasampula, i-SOC yokuqala kanye nenqubomgomo yakamuva, indlela yokwamukela, kanye nezimo zokuzwela. Ubuncane obusebenzisekayo: okungenani izinyanga eziyishumi nambili zesiginali eshicilelwe yesisebenzisi ekulungisweni kwayo komdabu, iqala kumanani ambalwa okuqala e-SOC, ngokwehluleka okuchazwa njenganoma yisiphi isikhawu lapho imboni ingakwazi ukuletha amandla enkontileka noma ikuphi. Isilinganiso sanyanga zonke sizofihla amawindi amafushane abiza izinkokhelo zakho zokutholakala.

Ukuphathwa kwe-SOC kokuphendula kwemvamisa

Umthetho uhambisa ibhethri kude nethagethi yalo. Isilawuli sidinga isu lakamuva: ukushaja okunensayo noma ukuphuma phakathi kwemicimbi, i-offset esetshenziswa kumyalo wokulawula, noma ukuhweba emakethe yamandla ukuze kubuyiselwe indawo yokusebenza. Inhloso iwukulinganisa - amandla anele agciniwe ukuze aphume lapho imvamisa iwa, umthamo ongenalutho owanele wokushaja lapho ukhuphuka.

Isici semodi yokwehluleka ukugcwaliswa kwesikhala. Kubukeka kanje ngokwenza: isignali enokuchema okuncane okuphikelelayo ihambisa i-SOC phezulu ntambama; ngo-85% isitshalo asisakwazi ukwamukela ukulawulwa okugcwele kokwehla; isilinganiso sokusebenza komsebenzisi siyehla, futhi ngenxa yokuthi amaphuzu asetshenziswa kuwo wonke umthamo wenkontileka, ukulahlekelwa kwemali engenayo kukhulu kakhulu kunamandla ahilelekile. Akukho okuhlulekile. Ayikho i-alamu ekhalishiwe. Idizayini ivele icabange ukuthi isignali ibingamandla-amaphakathi.

I-PJM, isibonelo, inikeza isignali esheshayo ye-RegD eduze kwesiginali ye-RegA ehamba kancane, futhi ukungathathi hlangothi kwezinsiza ezisheshayo kunemibandela esikhundleni sokuqinisekiswa - kwemithetho eqondile kanye nomklamo wamanje wesiginali bukhomaImanuwali ye-PJM 12: Ukulinganisa Ukusebenza, futhi idatha yesiginali yomlando iyashicilelwa. Hlola ukuqagela kuleyo datha esikhundleni sokuyizuza njengefa. E-Continental Europe inkinga efanayo isingathwa ngokusobala: I-ENTSO-I-E iphatha amabhethri njengezilondolozi-ezinomkhawulo wamandla futhi idinga umqondo wokuphatha we-SOC{4}}osebenzayo kanye nechibi lamandla elincane, elibhalwe ngokufaneleka ngaphambili, nobuncane besikhathi sokwenza kusebenze imizuzu engu-30 kumayunithi anjalo phakathi nesexwayiso.

Ukonakaliswa Kwebhethri Ngaphansi Komsebenzi Wokulawula

Ukulawula imvamisa kusho ukunyakaza okuningi okuncane, okuvamile. Ukuguga okuwumphumela kuncike esilinganisweni samandla aphumayo, ukujula komjikelezo ngamunye, izinga lokushaja nokukhipha, izinga lokushisa leseli, isilinganiso se-SOC, isikhathi esichithwe eduze nemikhawulo ye-SOC, ukusebenza kokupholisa, ikhemistri neminyaka yekhalenda.

Imijikelezo yokulawula engashoni ivamise ukuba mnene ngeyunithi ngayinye yokuphuma koketshezi kunokukhishwa okujulile okuphindaphindiwe, kodwa lokho kuwumkhuba, hhayi isiqinisekiso, futhi akusona isizathu sokuziba inkinga: I-NREL'sumsebenzi wokumodela impilo yeseliibonisa ukufiphala komthamo oqhutshwa ngokuhlanganyela izinga lokushisa,-izinga C, ukujula kokukhishwa kanye nesimo sokushaja, nezindlela zekhalenda{1}}zokuguga eziqhubekayo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amaseli ajikeleza kanjani. Ibhethri eligcinwe ku-SOC ephezulu kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ukuze kugcinwe umthetho okhuphukayo utholakala liyaguga ngisho nangosuku oluthulile. Imithombo efanele yephrojekthi ethile amajika empilo yeseli noma yomhlinzeki wesistimu kanye nesigatshana somthetho wesiqinisekiso, esifundwa ndawonye.

Imodeli yezohwebo kufanele ithwale izindleko zokumiselela noma zokwengeza, isiqinisekiso sokuphumelela,{0}}ukulahlekelwa kohambo lokuya nokubuya, amandla okupholisa, umthamo ongatholakali, izinhlawulo zokusebenza namandla okuthola kabusha e-SOC. Ukusabela okusheshayo akusho izindleko eziphansi zokusebenza.

Ukufaneleka Kwangaphambili Nokuhlolwa Kokusebenza Kokulawulwa Kwemvamisa

Iningi lezinsizakalo zokuthengisa zidinga ukuboniswa ngaphambi kokubamba iqhaza kwemakethe. Ukuhlola ngokuvamile kuhlola ukubambezeleka kwempendulo, izinga lerempu, amandla aqhubekayo, ukunemba kokulandelela, amandla aphezulu naphansi, ukuphathwa kwe-SOC, i-telemetry, ukutholakala, ukululama ngemva kokwenza kusebenze kanye nokuziphatha phakathi nokulahlekelwa kokuxhumana.

Incazelo eyodwa, ngoba leli phuzu lihlala lixaka:Inombolo ye-oda ye-FERC{0}}idinga ama-RTO ase-US nama-ISO ukuthi asungule amamodeli okubambiqhaza avumela ukugcinwa kukagesi kunikeze umthamo, amandla kanye nezinsizakalo ezihambisanayo ekwazi ukukunikeza ngokobuchwepheshe, ngomkhawulo wosayizi obuncane ongekho ngaphezu kuka-100 kW. Kuyi-aimakethe-uhlaka lokufinyelela. Akuyona imanuwali yokuhlola,{1}}incazelo yesikhathi sokuphendula, inqubo ye-telemetry noma uhlu lokuhlola ukufaneleka. Lezo ziphuma ku-RTO ngayinye noma kumanuwali emakethe ye-ISO esebenzayo ngosuku ohlola ngalo - futhi ziyashintsha. Thola idokhumenti yamanje, ekubuyekezweni kwamanje, ngaphambi kokufriza umklamo.

Ukulawulwa Kwemvamisa Yesitaki Ngezinye Izinkonzo

I-BESS ivame ukuhlanganisa umthetho kanye ne-arbitrage yamandla,ukushefa okuphezulu, isidingo{0}}sokuncishiswa kwezindleko, ukuqinisa okuvuselelekayo, izinsiza zamandla, ikhophi yasenqolobaneni, ukusekelwa kwamandla kagesi noma ukulawula ukuminyana. Ukupakisha kuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa, kodwa izinsiza ziqhudelana ngamandla afanayo, amandla kanye ne-headroom ye-SOC: i-arbitrage ingashiya ibhethri ligcwele kakhulu ukuthi lingalawulwa ukwehla; i-backup reserve iqopha amandla emvilophini yemakethe; ukushefa okuphezulu kungadla umthamo we-PCS ngesikhathi esifanayo. I-EMS kufanele ihlukanise ngokumelene nokubalulekile kwenkontileka, inani elilindelekile, isimo sebhethri nengcuphe - futhi othile kufanele anqume kusengaphambili, ukuthi iyiphi isevisi elahlekelwayo uma ishayisana.

Ukuhlanganisa kulandela ukucabanga okufanayo ezingeni lephothifoliyo. Isikhungo samandla esibonakalayo sethula amabhethri asabalalisiwe, amashaja e-EV nemithwalo evumelana nezimo njengesisetshenziswa esisodwa esilawulekayo, okwenza izimpahla ezincane zisebenze ngokwezentengiselwano kodwa ezingasusi neyodwa izidingo zobuchwepheshe: iphothifoliyo kusafanele ilethe amandla enkontileka ngokunembile, ngesilinganiso esiqinisekisiwe kanye nokubambezeleka kokuxhumana okuphethwe. Ngokubamba iqhaza kwe-wholesale yase-US, ihuku lenqubomgomo elifanele lithiInombolo ye-oda ye-FERC{0}}ekuhlanganisweni kwensiza yamandla esabalalisiwe, hhayi i-Oda 841.

Amaphutha Ayisithupha Abiza Imvamisa-Imali Yezinhlelo Zokulawula

• Usayizi ngo-MW kuphela.Ama-PCS aphezulu{{0}anamandla anamandla amancane asebenzisekayo afinyelela umkhawulo we-SOC ngaphambi kokuphela kwesikhathi sokulethwa.
• Ukuphatha i-nameplate MWh njengamandla atholakalayo.Iwindi le-SOC, ukucekelwa phansi, ukulahlekelwa kanye nemisebenzi egodliwe ngokuvamile ishiya kahle ngaphansi kwengxenye yakho ukuze kusetshenziswe isevisi.
• Ukukhohlwa ukuqondisa phansi.Ibhethri eligcwele alikwazi ukumunca amandla engeziwe. Umthamo ongenalutho uyimpahla.
• Uma sicabanga ukuthi isignali inamandla-amaphakathi.Ihlole usebenzisa idatha yomlando eshicilelwe ngu-opharetha, hhayi ngencazelo yomkhiqizo.
• Ukuthenga isikhathi sokuphendula kumininingwane.Inani elihloliwe liphela-ukuqeda{1}}impendulo yesitshalo, futhi ukubambezeleka kwephrothokholi ye-metering plus kuvame ukubusa.
• Ukumodela imali engenayo ngaphandle kokucekelwa phansi.Isamba semali engenayo yemakethe akuyona inzuzo yephrojekthi uma isigugile, amandla okushaja, ukulahlekelwa, izinhlawulo nokutholakala kususiwe.

BESS Frequency Regulation Procurement List

Inani lohlu lokuhlola ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izinto okufanele uzikhokhele wena. Ukuhlanganisa ngale ndlela:

Lungisa lezi ngaphambi kwe-RFQ - zichaza umshini

• Izwe eliqondiwe, i-opharetha yegridi kanye{0}}nomkhiqizo wesevisi othize othize
• Kudingeka i-MW phezulu kanye ne-MW phansi, nokuthi ingabe umkhiqizo uyalingana
• Ubude besikhathi sokulethwa obudingekayo kanye{0}}nesikhathi esigcwele sokwenza kusebenze
• I-voltage yokuxhumeka kwegridi, i-transformer kanye nemikhawulo ye-switchgear
• Inqubo yokuhlola ukufaneleka kanye nesiqinisekiso sokutholakala
• Noma yiziphi ezinye izinsiza ezizobekwa ngesitaki, ngokuhleleka kwazo okubalulekile

Lokhu kuhambisa intengo ngokubalulekile - kuzinquma ngokuqaphela

• I-MWh esebenzisekayo kanye nebanga lokusebenza elivunyelwe le-SOC
• Ukuqala{{0}kokuphila{1}}nokuphela okuqinisekisiwe{2}ko{3}}komthamo wempilo
• Isilinganiso se-PCS esiqhubekayo nesilayisha kakhulu
• Ikhemistri yebhethri, indlela yokupholisa kanye ne-ambient design
• Iwaranti yebhethri nomkhawulo wokukhipha; uhlelo lokwengeza
• Izidingo-zokuphepha komlilo kanye nekhodi yendawo

Vumela umphakeli aphakamise lokhu, bese ubuyekeza

• I-EMS kanye -nokwehlukaniswa komsebenzi wesilawuli, kanye nokubika komkhawulo we-BMS
• Iphrothokholi ye-SCADA, amaphuzu edatha, amasampula kanye nomklamo we-telemetry
• Ukuxilongwa kwesilawuli kude, izipele kanye nobubanzi be-O&M

Lokhu kudala ama-oda oshintsho lapho engacacile

• Impendulo-incazelo yesikhathi - ilinganiswe kuphi, futhi ngokuhlolwa kukabani
• Ukuxhumana{0}} nokuziphatha kokulahlekelwa
• Ubani umnikazi wamandla akamuva e-SOC nezindleko zawo
• Ukuthi ukutholakala kukalwa ezingeni lesitshalo noma iphothifoliyo

Ukulungisa le mininingwane eminingi yikho okuvumela abahlinzeki bacaphune ngokumelene nesevisi yangempela esikhundleni sokubeka amanani ejenerikhi.isistimu yebhethri enesitshanokuthola igebe ngesikhathi sokuthunywa.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

I-BESS ingaphendula ngokushesha kangakanani ekuphambukeni kwefrikhwensi?

I-PCS ngokwayo ngokuvamile iphendula kahle ngaphansi kwesekhondi. Ukusabela kwesitshalo esihlolwayo kuhamba kancane, ngenxa yokuthi izinga lokubuyekeza imitha, ukuhlunga, ukuvota kwephrothokholi kanye nesikhathi somjikelezo wesilawuli sihlanganisa - imizuzwana emibili ukusuka ekugcineni kuya kwesinye kuvamile esitshalweni esingaxutshiwe. Izidingo zomkhiqizo ziyahlukahluka: ENTSO-Imithetho ye-E's Continental Europe idinga ukuthi i-FCR isebenze ngaphambi kwamasekhondi amabili ngemva kwesinyathelo sokuvama futhi ifinyelele ekusebenziseni okugcwele phakathi kwamasekhondi angu-30 ekuphambukeni okungu-200 mHz, kuyilapho ezinye izimakethe zicacisa amaphrofayela ahluke kakhulu.

Ingakanani i-MWh edinga-i-regulation BESS edingayo?

Kude kakhulu kunamandla × ubude besikhathi. Ngomkhiqizo we-symmetric 10 MWh onesidingo sokulethwa kwemizuzu engu-15-, ukubala okungokomfanekiso ngenhla komhlaba cishe phakathi kuka-6.3 MWh ekuqaleni kwempilo kanye no-8.9 MWh uma ufuna ukuhlangabezana nemfuneko ekupheleni kwempilo ngaphandle kokukhuliswa - ngokumelene no-2.5 ​​MWh kusukela kufomula engenalutho. Isiphindaphinda sivela ekudingeni kokubili amandla agciniwe kanye ne-headroom, iwindi le-SOC elingewona u-100%, ukulahlekelwa kokuguqulwa kanye nokufiphala kwamandla.

Isiphi isimo sokushaja esisetshenziselwa ukulawulwa kwamafrikhwensi?

Ngesevisi yokulinganisa, eduze naphakathi kwewindi elivunyelwe, ukuze zombili izikhombisi-ndlela zihlale zitholakala. Okuqondiwe ngqo kufanele kuhambisane nokuchema kwesignali, i-asymmetry yesevisi, ikhemistri, izimo zewaranti kanye nanoma yiziphi izinsiza ezistakiwe - ngamandla, hhayi njengenombolo-enekhodi eqinile.

Ingabe amandla okulawula imvamisa{0}}amaphakathi?

Hhayi ngokuthembekile. Amanye amasiginali aklanyelwe ukuguqukela ekungathathi hlangothi ngefasitela elifushane, futhi ezinye izimakethe zenza lokho kuhlangana kube nemibandela. Ukuchema okuqhubekayo kuyimbangela evamile yokugcwaliswa kwesikhala kwe-SOC, ngakho-ke ukucabangela kufanele kuhlolwe ngokumelene nesiginali yomlando eshicilelwe isisebenzisi ngaphambi kokuthi yakhelwe ngaphakathi.

Ingabe i-frequency regulation ilimaza amabhethri?

Ibaguga, njenganoma yimuphi umsebenzi. Ukuhamba ngamabhayisikili okungashoni, okuvamile kuvame ukuba mnene nge-MWh ngayinye yokukhipha amanzi kunokukhishwa okujulile okuphindaphindiwe, kodwa inani eliphelele,-izinga elingu-C, izinga lokushisa nesilinganiso se-SOC konke ukushayela kuyafiphala, futhi ukuguga kwekhalenda kuyaqhubeka kungakhathaliseki. Umbuzo obalulekile kwezentengiso akukona ukuthi ukuguga kuyenzeka yini kodwa ukuthi umsebenzi uhlala ngaphakathi kwemvilophu yokuphuma kwewaranti.

Ingabe i-BESS eyodwa ingakwazi ukulawula imvamisa namandla okulondoloza?

Yebo ngokomzimba, futhi kuyisidingo esijwayelekile kuumsebenzi-amaphrojekthi ezitshalo zesikali. Kodwa amandla ayisipele agciniwe awatholakali emakethe, futhi ukubhuka kunciphisa iwindi le-SOC isevisi yokulawula engayisebenzisa. Usayizi wayo yomibili imisebenzi ngokusobala, futhi unqume kusengaphambili ukuthi iyiphi ezokhipha ngesikhathi sokungqubuzana.

Isifinyezo

Ukulawulwa kwefrikhwensi ye-BESS kuzinzisa igridi ngokushaja noma ukushajwa ngokushesha nangokunembile ekuphenduleni-ukungalingani kwesidingo. Isivinini, ukuqondiswa kabili kanye nokunemba kokulandela umkhondo kuyizinzuzo zangempela, futhi futhi ziyingxenye elula yephrojekthi ukuze ulunge.

Izingxenye ezinquma umphumela amandla asebenzisekayo ngaphakathi kwewindi le-SOC, ukuphela-kokuqeda{1}}ukubambezeleka kochungechunge lokulinganisa nokulawula, isu le-SOC elisinda esignali echemile, imodeli yokwehliswa kwesithunzi esahlangabezana nenkontileka onyakeni weshumi, kanye nedizayini efriziwe ngokumelene nemanyuwali yemakethe ezosetshenziswa ngempela ekuhlolweni. Thola ukucaciswa kwamanje komsebenzisi, sebenzisa ukulingisa ngokuqagela okushiwo kanye nemibandela yokwamukela, bese ubeka izinombolo emaphethelweni. Yilokho okuguqula i-frequency regulation isuke kukhono elijwayelekile le-BESS iyenze iphrojekthi-elungile yenkontileka.