Nansi into egcina abahleli bamandla bevuka ebusuku: kwenzekani lapho umoya uyeka ukuvunguza nelanga lishona, kodwa wonke umuntu usashaja izimoto zakhe zikagesi futhi esebenzisa ama-air conditioner akhe? Akuseyona inkinga yokuqagela. Njengoba amazwe ephushela kakhulu ekuqondisweni kwamandla avuselelekayo, sigijimela eqinisweni elisobala futhi eliyinkimbinkimbi ngokumangazayo-amandla omoya kanye nelanga amahle kakhulu lapho esebenza, kodwa awahambisani ngendlela emangalisayo uma uwadinga ngempela.
Impendulo emfushane yokuthi isitoreji samandla esilinganisweni esikhulu singakwazi yini ukubhekana nesidingo ithi: ngobuchwepheshe yebo, kodwa asikakalungeli ukuyifinyelela okwamanje. Futhi indlela yokufika lapho imbi kakhulu kunemibhalo eminingi yenqubomgomo ethanda ukuyivuma.
Kungani Lokhu Kubaluleke Kakhulu Kunokuba Ucabanga
Abantu abaningi bayaqonda ukuthi ama-solar panel awasebenzi ebusuku. Okungabonakali kakhulu ukuthi ukuhlukahluka kungaba zasendle kanjani. Ngikhuluma ngamaviki-ngezinye izikhathi izinyanga{3}}lapho ukukhiqizwa komoya ezweni lonke kungehla kufinyelele engxenyeni yomthamo wako. Amaphethini wesimo sezulu awanandaba nezidingo zethu zamandla, futhi idatha yomlando ibonisa amaqiniso athile angakhululekile mayelana nokuthi lezi zimbobo zingahlala isikhathi esingakanani.
Isimo saseBrithani sikubonisa kahle lokhu. Bazibophezele ekutholeni uziro ngo-2050, okusho amanani amakhulu wezinjini zomoya namapulazi elanga. Kodwa noma ngabe wakhe umthamo ovuselelekayo owanele ukuze unike izwe amandla ngokuphindwe kabili, usezoba nezikhathi lapho isizukulwane sisilela khona. Igebe nalo alilincane. Sikhuluma ngokudinga ukugcina amandla esikalini esenza into encane noma yini esebenzayo manje{5}}cishe izikhathi eziyinkulungwane ngaphezu kwalokho okungahlinzekwa yizikhungo zamanzi ezimpontshwa zaseBrithani zihlangene. Lokho akulona iphutha.
Ngakho-ke Yiziphi Izinketho Zesitoreji Samandla Esisikali Esikhulu?
Yilapho izinto ziba mnandi khona, ngoba asikho isisombululo esisodwa somlingo. Ubuchwepheshe besitoreji obuhlukahlukene buhamba phambili ezintweni ezihlukene, futhi lokho okusebenzela ukugcina amandla amahora ambalwa akubukeki njengalokho okudingayo ukuze ugcine isitoreji sesizini.
Amabhethriuthole zonke izihloko zezindaba, futhi ngesizathu esihle-ziyathuthuka ngokushesha futhi zisebenza kahle-zesitoreji sesikhashana. Kodwa nakhu okubambekayo: amabhethri ayabiza uma uwakhuphula ukuze agcine ugesi wesizwe onezinsuku noma amasonto. Ezomnotho azisebenzi okwamanje esikalini esikhulu sokulondoloza amandla okudlula cishe amahora angu-4-angu-6 ekhophi yasenqolobaneni. Zinhle ngokushelela amaqhuqhuva, zinhle kakhulu ekuvaleni umoya omncane ongamaviki amabili.
I-hydropompamanzi empompi amadala anokwethenjelwa uma unogesi oweqile, uwavumele ahlehle ngama-turbines uma udinga amandla. Iyasebenza, ifakazelwe, futhi iyasebenza uma kuqhathaniswa. Inkinga? IJografi. Udinga uhlobo olulungile lwendawo enamadamu afanelekile, futhi iningi lezindawo ezinhle sezithathiwe. Ukwakha amaphrojekthi amasha kagesi ampontshwayo angena kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezithiyo zemvelo nokuhlela.
Isitoreji somoya esicindezelweimisindo ehlakaniphile-isebenzisa ugesi omningi ukuze iminyanise umoya emigedeni engaphansi komhlaba, bese iwukhulula ukuze ishayele izinjini zomoya ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa akukaze kukhishwe ngokwentengiso. Ukusebenza kahle-kohambo lokuya nokubuya akukuhle, futhi udinga ukwakheka okukhethekile kokuma komhlaba.
Bese kuba khonaisitoreji se-hydrogen, okungase kuzwakale kungavamile kodwa mhlawumbe okuyisixazululo esisebenza kakhulu sokugcina amandla esikalini esikhulu esikhathini eside. Umqondo uqonde ngokwanele: sebenzisa ugesi ovuselelekayo owedlulele ukuze uhlukanise amanzi abe yi-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo ngokusebenzisa i-electrolysis. Gcina i-hydrogen, bese uyishisa ezikhungweni zikagesi noma uyihambise kuma-fuel cell uma udinga ugesi futhi.
Kungani I-Hydrogen Iqhubeka Ukuza Kulezi Izingxoxo
Into emayelana nesitoreji se-hydrogen eyenza igqame akukona ukusebenza kahle-empeleni ayisebenzi kahle uma iqhathaniswa namabhethri, ilahlekelwa mhlawumbe u-60-70% wamandla ohambweni olubuyayo. Kodwa ukusebenza kahle akukona konke. Okubalulekile ekugcinweni kwamandla amakhulu izindleko ngeyunithi ngayinye yomthamo wokugcina, futhi kulapho i-hydrogen emigedeni kasawoti iba yinto ephoqayo.
Imigede kasawoti iphawuleka ngale njongo. Ungakwazi ukuxazulula-ukuwamba (okuyisisekelo ncibilikisa usawoti ngamanzi), futhi ayavaleka ngokwemvelo futhi azinzile. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, zinkulu. Umhume owodwa ungagcina i-hydrogen eyanele ukuze ukhiqize ama-gigawatt-amahora kagesi. Futhi izindawo ezifana neBrithani{6}}kanye namanye amazwe amaningi{7}}zinosawoti omningi ofakwa ngaphansi komhlaba ongathwala umthamo omkhulu wesitoreji esikhuluma ngawo.
Ezomnotho zisebenza ngendlela ehlukile futhi. Ngamabhethri, izindleko zakho zilinganisa ngokulingana namandla{1}okuphinda kabili isitoreji, inani eliphindwe kabili. Nge-hydrogen emigedeni kasawoti, ingxenye ebizayo imishini ye-electrolysis namaseli kaphethiloli (noma izitshalo zamandla) zokuguqula ugesi ubuyele. Isitoreji ngokwaso? Ishibhile iyunithi ngayinye uma usugubhe umhume. Lokhu kuyenza ifaneleke ngokukhethekile ukugcina amanani amakhulu amandla angase ahlale lapho izinyanga ngaphambi kokuwadinga.
Inkinga Yesikhathi Akekho Othanda Ukukhuluma Ngayo
Lapha yilapho izifiso zenqubomgomo zishayisana namaqiniso angokoqobo: ukwakha le ngqalasizinda kuthatha isikhathi. Isikhathi esiningi. Isixazululo sokumba umhume kasawoti akuyona into oyenza ngempelasonto. Sikhuluma iminyaka ngomhume owodwa, futhi udinga eminingi yayo. Izinsiza ze-hydrogen electrolysis, amapayipi, okokuphehla ugesi{4}}konke lokhu akudingi nje imali kodwa nezikhathi zokwakha ezandisiwe.
Uma i-UK (noma yiliphi izwe) ifuna ngokungathí sina isitoreji samandla esikhulu silungele lapho iwadinga, ukwakhiwa kudinga ukuqala kancane noma ngaphansi manje. Hhayi eminyakeni emihlanu ngemva komunye umjikelezo wezifundo ezingenzeka, kodwa manje. Igebe phakathi kokuthi "mhlawumbe kufanele sicabange ngalokhu" nokuthi "sikudinga kakhulu lokhu kusebenza" livaleka ngokushesha kunokuba abantu beqaphela.
Ingabe Ingasisingatha Ngempela Isidingo Nokho?
Ukubuyela embuzweni wangempela: amasistimu okugcina amandla amakhulu angakwazi ukubhekana nesidingo, kodwa kuphela uma sakha anele ngesikhathi futhi sixuba ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene ngendlela efanele. Ungafuna amabhethri ihora-kuya{2}}ihora lokulinganisa, mhlawumbe i-hydro empontshwayo lapho itholakala khona, kanye nesitoreji esikhulu se-hydrogen kulezo zikhathi ezinwetshiwe zokukhiqiza okuphansi okuvuselelekayo.
Isizathu sangempela akubona ubuchwepheshe-bungamandla nokutshalwa kwezimali. Amasistimu esiwadingayo ayenzeka ngokobuchwepheshe kodwa adinga ukuzibophezela nokusebenzisa imali manje ukuze uthole izinzuzo ezizwakala zingaqondakali kubantu abaningi. Ingqalasizinda ye-Hydrogen ayikwenzi ukukhishwa kwezindaba okujabulisayo njengoba kwenza ipulazi elisha lelanga, nakuba libaluleke kakhulu.
Kuphinde kube nemibuzo mayelana nokuthi uzenza kanjani izindlela zemakethe ezikhuthaza ukwakha umthamo wesitoreji ongase uhlale ungenzi lutho isikhathi esiningi. Izimakethe zikagesi zendabuko aziklanyelwe lolu hlobo lwemfuneko yokuguquguquka. Othile kufanele akhokhele ukwakha nokugcina izindawo zokugcina ezinkulu ngisho neminyaka lapho izimo zesimo sezulu zivuma futhi ungazisebenzisi.
Okumele Kwenzeke
Ukuze isitoreji samandla esilinganisweni esikhulu sisingathe isidingo sangempela njengoba sishintshela kokuvuselelekayo, izinto ezimbalwa zidinga ukuqondanisa. Izinhlaka zokutshalwa kwezimali zidinga ukubona inani lesitoreji esingavamile ukusetshenziswa kodwa esibaluleke kakhulu-njengomshwalense othemba ukuthi awusoze wawufuna. Izimvume zokuhlela kanye nokuhlolwa kwemvelo kudinga ukuhamba ngokushesha ngaphandle kokudela ukugadwa okufanele. Futhi ngokweqiniso, umphakathi udinga ukuqonda ukuthi "ikusasa lamandla ahlanzekile" lihlanganisa ingqalasizinda eningi engeyona ekhangayo kodwa edingeka ngempela.
Okunye akukhangi. Ngaphandle kwesitoreji samandla esikhulu esanele, usele nesipele sikaphethiloli, okwehlula inhloso, noma ukwamukela ukucisha ngezikhathi ezithile lapho okuvuselelekayo kungakwazi ukuhlangabezana nesidingo, okungafunwa muntu. Noma wakha ngokweqile umthamo ovuselelekayo kuze kube yilapho ungavamile ukubhekana nokushoda{2}}kodwa lokho kumosha ngokomnotho futhi kudinga umhlaba-omkhulu.
Isitoreji akusona isihloko esimnandi kakhulu kunqubomgomo yamandla, kodwa kungase kube yisona esibaluleke kakhulu esingasinaki ngokwanele. Ukuthi isitoreji samandla esikhulu singasingatha isidingo kuncike kancane emandleni obuchwepheshe nokunye okuningi ngokuthi sizimisele yini ukukwakha ngezinga elidingekayo ngaphambi kokuthi sikudinge ngempela. Futhi lelo windi livalwa ngokushesha kunalokho abantu abaningi abakuqaphelayo.