Isitoreji sebhethri esithengiswayo siwufanele utshalomali lapho sisusa izindleko osuvele ulinganisele - inkokhiso efunwayo eqhutshwa iziqongo ezimfushane, igebe elibanzi phakathi kwamanani aphezulu kanye nokwevalwa{1}}kwamanani aphakeme kakhulu, i-solar oyithekelisa cishe lutho, ukuphela okumisa ukukhiqizwa, noma ukuxhumeka kwegridi kuncane kakhulu kunomthwalo ofuna ukuwungeza. Njengomthetho wokuhlola, inkokhiso yesidingo engaphezu kuka-$15/kW ngenyanga kuhlanganiswe neziqongo ezibukhali, eziphindaphindwayo yilapho uhlelo lokulondoloza amandla ebhethri lezentengiso (BESS) ngokuvamile luvumela isifundo esigcwele. Amanani aphansi, umthwalo oyisicaba kanye nokunqamuka okungajwayelekile ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi akwenzi lokho.
Akukona ukwenza inzuzo ngokuzenzekelayo, futhi ibhethri elilinganiselwe ukushefa okuphezulu kwansuku zonke ngokuvamile lizoba ibhethri elingalungile amahora amane ekhophi yasenqolobaneni. Lo mhlahlandlela uhlanganisa ukuthi yini eqhuba ezomnotho, ukuthi ibhajethi ye-BESS yezentengiselwano iqukethe ini, usayizi wesistimu kusuka kudatha yesikhawu, yiliphi ibanga lamandla afakelwe amabhizinisi afanayo, nokuthi yini okufanele uqinisekise ngaphambi kokucela iziphakamiso.
Ukuhlolwa Kwesikrini
Amasayithi amaningi angahlelwa ngaphansi kwehora kusetshenziswa izinyanga eziyishumi nambili zezikweletu kanye nomuzwa onzima womthwalo. Izindleko ezifunwayo zikhokhiswa ngokwesilinganiso esiphezulu esifunwayo esirekhodwe ngewindi elifushane - ngokuvamile imizuzu engu-15 - futhiInhlolovo ye-NREL yezintengo zezinsiza zase-US ezingaphezu kuka-10,000ithole ukuthi lezo zindleko zingabalelwa ku-30% kuya ku-70% wesikweletu sekhasimende lezentengiselwano, futhi cishe u-$15/kW ngenyanga ethathwa njengesilinganiso semboni lapho isitoreji siqala ukubukeka sinomnotho.
| Isiginali yokuhlola | Cishe kuwufanele ukutadisha ngokugcwele | Kufanelekile ukuhlola | Mhlawumbe okwamanje |
|---|---|---|---|
| Funa inkokhiso | Ngaphezulu cishe ku-$15/kW ngenyanga | $8–$15/kW ngenyanga | Akukho, noma amandla ayisicaba-kuphela |
| Isimo esiphezulu | Ama-spikes abukhali, aphindaphindwayo athatha imizuzu ukuya emahoreni amabili | Iziqongo ezibanzi zamahora amathathu noma ngaphezulu | Umthwalo ophansi, isici somthwalo ophezulu |
| Pheka-ukuze{1}}uvale{2}}ukusabalala okukhulu | Ibanzi ngokwanele ukumboza{0}}ukulahlekelwa kohambo lokuya nokubuya kanye nokuwohloka komkhawulo | Ukusabalala okumaphakathi, intela ezinzile | Ukuhluka okuncane noma akukho isikhathi |
| Ukuthunyelwa kweSolar | Ukuthunyelwa okubalulekile kwasemini ngenani eliphansi | Okunye ukuthunyelwa, okuphakelayo okuhle{0}}ngenani | Akukho solar, akukho ukuthekelisa |
| Izindleko zokucisha | Isitoko esonakele, ukukhiqizwa okumisiwe, imali engenayo yesevisi elahlekile | Ukuphazamiseka kuphela | Ukunqamuka okungajwayelekile, akunawo umthelela wezezimali |
| Umthwalo omusha | Amashaja e-EV noma imishini engacupha ukuthuthukiswa kokuxhumeka | Ukukhula komthwalo kuhleliwe kodwa akuzinikele | Umthwalo ozinzile, umthamo osele |
| Isikhathi sendawo | Ukuqashisa okunomnikazi noma okude ngaphezu kwenkokhelo elindelwe | Ukuqashisa okungenzeka kuvuselelwa | Ukuvalwa okungenzeka, ukuthutha noma ushintsho lwenqubo |
Amasignali amabili noma ngaphezulu kukholamu yesokunxele ngokuvamile athethelela ukukhokhela ucwaningo lokungenzeka. Yonke into ekukholamu engakwesokudla isho ukuthi ibhethri lizobe lixazulula inkinga isayithi elingenayo. Uphawu olulodwa lwesixwayiso ludlula izinto eziningi ezinhle: uma isiphakamiso besilinganiswa ngaphambi kokuba noma ubani abheke idatha yakho yesikhawu, noma uma kuncike kusisusa esingaqinisekisiwe ngokubhala, inombolo engezansi kwaso ayisona isibikezelo.
Yini Empeleni Eshayela Izinombolo
Funa Amashaji kanye Nokushefa Okuphakeme
Inkokhelo yokufunwa ikhokhiswa ngesidingo esilinganiselwe esiphezulu kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhokha, ngakho-ke ukukhuphuka kwemizuzu eyishumi nanhlanu{0}kusukela ekuqaliseni kabusha okupholile kungasetha inkokhiso yenyanga yonke ngisho noma ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kukuncane. Kuukushefa okuphezulu, isistimu ibuka isidingo sesayithi sisondela emkhawulweni ochaziwe futhi ikhipha amandla anele ukuze ibambe ukungenisa kwegridi ngaphansi kwayo. Okuhlukile okunquma ukuthi lokhu kuyasebenza yini isilinganiso samandla ku-kW, hhayi umthamo wamandla ku-kWh - iphutha elibamba abathengi abaningi kunanoma yimuphi omunye.
Isikhathi-so{1}}Sokusebenzisa Ukushintsha Komthwalo
Lapho amanani ehluka ngesikhathi sosuku, ibhethri lishaja ezishibhile futhi likhipha imali eningi. Inani ukusatshalaliswa kwengqikithi ngemva-kokulahlekelwa kohambo lokuya nokubuya, izindleko zokuwohloka komjikelezo ngamunye, noma isiphi isidingo esidalwa ukushaja, kanye nokunemba kokubikezela kwesilawuli. I-NREL's Annual Technology Baseline models lithium-ion round-ukusebenza kahle kohambo cishe ku-85%, okusho ukuthi cishe iyunithi eyodwa kweziyisikhombisa ayiphinde iphume. Ukusabalala okubukeka kukhanga ephepheni kunganyamalala uma lokho kanye nezindleko zomjikelezo ngokwawo zisusiwe.
I-Solar Self{0}}I-Solar Self Consumption
Isiza esine-solar esophahleni sivamise ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle emini bebade bese sithenga futhi ntambama. Isitoreji siyisa leyo mali eningi esikhathini lapho ugesi ubaluleke kakhulu esizeni. II-Australian Renewable Energy Agencyichaza lokhu njengomsebenzi oyinhloko wamabhethri: ukumunca amandla lapho isidingo siphansi futhi siwakhiphe lapho isidingo sikhuphuka. Inani liwumehluko phakathi kwenani lokuthekelisa kanye nenani lokungenisa eligwenyiwe, susa ukulahlekelwa kanye nokwehliswa kwesithunzi - akusona isilinganiso sokuthengisa sodwa.
Amandla Ayisipele Nokuqina Kokusebenza
Kwamanye amabhizinisi icala lonke liyagwenywa isikhathi sokuphumula. Ukugcinwa okubandayo, ukucubungula ukudla, idatha kanye namagumbi okuxhumana ngocingo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukuchelela kanye nanoma iyiphi inqubo enochungechunge olude lokuqalisa kabusha kuwela kuleli qembu. Idizayini yokwenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni iqala ngomthwalo obalulekile, hhayi sonke isakhiwo - ngesinqumo esenziwe ebhodini lokushintsha, hhayi ekucacisweni kwebhethri. Igridi-isistimu eboshiwe eyehlisa isikweletu sakho ngeke ngempela igcine noma yini isebenza lapho igridi yehluleka; lokho kudinga amandla e-island, ukushintsha kokudlulisa, iphaneli yokulayisha ehlukanisiwe ebalulekile kanye nesistimu yokuguqula amandla esekela imodi.
Ukuhoxiswa kokushaja kwe-EV kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Kwegridi
I-Fleet nokushaja okusheshayo kudala iziqongo zamandla aphezulu ngaphandle kokukhuphula ukusetshenziswa konyaka okuningi. Ibhethri lingakwazi ukuvala isilinganiso esiphezulu esithathwe kugridi, ishejuli yokushaja eshelelayo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi inciphe ukuxhumeka kuthuthukise ukukhishwa kweshaja uma kungenjalo kuphoqelele. Lokhu kuqondile kakhulu-kwesayithi futhi kufanele kumodelwe ngokumelene neshejuli yeshaja, izikhathi zokuhlala kwemoto, umthamo we-transformer kanye nokukhula kwemikhumbi okungokoqobo - hhayi amandla eshaja ye-nameplate.
Funa Impendulo kanye nokubamba iqhaza kwe-VPP
Amanye amasistimu angathola imali ngempendulo yesidingo, ukuhlanganiswa noma izinhlelo zokutshala amandla abonakalayo. Ukufaneleka kuncike emakethe, i-aggregator, isivumelwano sakho sokuxhuma nokuthi izilawuli ziyakwamukela yini ukuthunyelwa kwangaphandle. Kuphathe njengokuphambene okungenzeka noma kungenzeki, ungalokothi njengento ewumugqa eyenza iphrojekthi esemaceleni isebenze.
Ukubika Okuphumayo kanye Nezidingo Zokuthenga
Isitoreji asiwakhiqizi amandla ahlanzekile, kodwa siyashintsha uma isayithi lakho liwadla, okushintsha ukushuba kwesimo sikagesi owuthengayo. Emabhizinisini abika ngaphansi kohlaka lokukhishwa kwekhabhoni noma ukubhidela izinkontileka ezinezimo zokusimama-ze-chain, ukusetshenziswa kwe-solar ephakeme{2}}kanye nokwehliswa kwenani eliphakeme{3}}lokudweba kwegridi yenkathi kuyimiphumela ebikwayo. Kuphathe lokhu njengomshayeli wangempela kodwa wesibili: kuqinisa-icala lebhizinisi elisebenzayo futhi akuvamile ukuhlenga elibuthakathaka. Ukuthi kubalela ezingeni elithile lokubika kuncike endleleni yokubalwa kwezimali esetshenziswa yinhlangano yakho, ngakho qinisekisa nanoma ubani olungiselela ukudalula ngaphambi kokuthi kuvele ekuziphenduleleni.
Inkinga Yesitaki
Iphutha elivame kakhulu lokumodela ukungeza yonke inzuzo ngevelu egcwele. Baqhudelana ngesikhundla esifanayo. Amandla abekelwe ikhophi yasenqolobaneni awakwazi ukukhishelwa ukushefa okuphezulu. Ibhethri elithunyelwa nsuku zonke ukuze i-arbitrage liqongelela imijikelezo elimaza umthamo obuwubala onyakeni wesishiyagalombili. Imodeli ekholekayo ibonisa ukuthi yimaphi amasevisi asebenza ndawonye, angakhethi, kanye nokulandelana okubalulekile lapho engqubuzana - futhi akufanele nje ichaze ukuthi kungani iphrojekthi isebenza, kodwa yini engayenza ingaphumeleli.
Izindleko Zesitoreji Sebhethri Yezentengiso
Kungani Ukuqhathaniswa Kwentengo ka-$/kWh Kudukisa
Izindleko nge-kilowatt-ngehora ngalinye ziyehla njengoba ubude besikhathi bukhuphuka, ngoba amandla{1}}ezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha eziseceleni kanye nokusebenza kwesayithi kulungisiwe kakhulu. UMnyango Wezamandla wase-USIsisekelo Sonyaka Sobuchwepheshe bokugcina ibhethri lezentengisoamamodeli alokhu ngokuqondile: i-benchmark lithium-izintengo zephekhi ye-ion cishe engu-$211/kWh ngehora elilodwa, u-$199/kWh ngamahora amane kanye no-$164/kWh ngamahora ayisishiyagalombili, ngezindleko ezihlukile ze-inverter ezingaba ngu-$97.50 i-kW ngayinye. Isiphetho se-NREL siqu sifanele ukuphinda - iphakethe lebhethri liyisabelo esibalulekile sezindleko zesistimu kodwa hhayi iningi lazo, futhi ukulinganisa ngokunembile ubude besikhathi obudingekayo kubalulekile ekulinganiseni inani lezindleko nhlobo.
Umphumela ongokoqobo: isibalo esingu-$/kWh esicashunwe ngaphandle kobude besikhathi asisho lutho, futhi izingcaphuno ezimbili ku-kWh efanayo zingahluka kakhulu ngenxa yobukhulu be-PCS, ifomethi yokuvaleka, umsebenzi we-transformer, i-switchgear, ukuvikela umlilo, imisebenzi yomphakathi kanye nobubanzi bokuxhumana.
Lokho Okuhlanganisa Isabelomali Esiphelele
Izingxenyekazi zekhompyutha ngokuvamile ziyingxenye encane yendaba. Isabelomali esingavikeleki sihlanganisa isistimu yebhethri kanye ne-PCS, isistimu yokuphatha amandla nokuqapha, i-transformer ne-switchgear, ukufakwa kukagesi, amafawundeshini, izithiyo noma umsebenzi wokuvaleka, ukutholwa nokucindezela umlilo, izifundo zobunjiniyela nesistimu, izimvume{1}}zomsebenzi wokuxhuma, ukugunyazwa, ukuqeqeshwa komsebenzisi, ukunakekelwa kokuvikela, umshwalense, ukuxhasa ngezimali, nanoma yikuphi ukukhushulwa noma ukuhlaziya okulindelekile phakathi nesikhathi esilindelekile. Amamodeli e-NREL amisiwe okusebenza nokugcinwa cishe ku-2.5% wezindleko zekhephithali ngonyaka, usayizi wokugcina isistimu isesimweni esilinganiselwe phakathi-yeminyaka yokuphila kweminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu - isimeli esiphusile uma ungenalutho olungcono. Ukuhlukaniswa okuphelele kwalezi zigaba kubekwe kwethiUkuhlaziywa kwezindleko ze-BESS.
Uhlaka olusebenzayo lwe-ROI
Inzuzo yonke yonyaka=ukongiwa kwebhili + izindleko ezigwenywe ukunqamuka + imali engenayo yohlelo + izindleko zengqalasizinda ezihlehlisiwe − izindleko zokusebenza − izindleko zokuwohloka
Inkokhelo elula=isamba sezindleko ezifakiwe ÷ inzuzo yonyaka yonke
Inkokhelo elula iyinombolo yokuhlola, hhayi isinqumo. Noma yini eya ebhodini kufanele futhi ithwale ukwehliswa kwamandla unyaka nonyaka, iziqinisekiso zokutholakala, amanani{1}}okushintsha ukuzwela, ukukhula komthwalo noma ukuncipha, izindleko zezimali, ukuphathwa kwentela, ukufaneleka okuqinisekisiwe kwenzuzo, imikhawulo yesiqinisekiso, izindleko zokwengeza kanye nevelu eyinsalela - enesaphulelo, engafinyeziwe.
Kungani Izibalo Zokubuyisela Ezishicilelwe Zingadluliseki
Uzobona izimangalo eziqinisekile zokuthi amabhethri okuthengisa akhokha eminyakeni emihlanu, noma emihlanu kuya kweyisishiyagalombili. Lezo zinombolo zichaza intela yomunye umuntu, umthwalo womunye kanye nezindleko ezifakiwe zomunye umuntu. Indawo yokugcina impahla ebandayo-enobude obucijile obungu-6 am kanye nezindleko zokufunwa ngu-$20/kW kanye nehhovisi elinenani eliphansi elingenawo umthwalo wempelaviki lingathola iziphakamiso ezifanayo futhi lithole imiphumela ephambene. Umbuzo owusizo awukona ukuthi i-payback evamile ibukeka kanjani. Yilokhu: ngabe lolu hlelo oluqondile beluyongile ngani ukube beluhambisana nedatha yethu yezinyanga eziyishumi nambili zokugcina kanye nentela yethu yangempela? Lokho kuwukulingisa, futhi noma yimuphi umphakeli obhidayo kufanele azimisele ukuwuqhuba.
Indlela Yokwenza Usayizi Wesistimu Yesitoreji Sebhethri Yezentengiso
Isinyathelo 1: Chaza Inhloso Eyinhloko Eyodwa
Nquma ukuthi isistimu kufanele yenzeni ngaphambi kokuba noma ubani asho umthamo: ukunciphisa inani eliphakeme lesidingo, shintsha amandla phakathi kwezikhathi zentela, i-solar eningi yesitolo, ukuthwala imithwalo ebalulekile lapho kuphelelwa isikhathi, lawula ukushaja kwe-EV, noma hlanganisa izinsizakalo ezimbalwa ezihambisanayo ngaphansi komyalo oshiwo wokuqala. Ukuqala kusayizi webhethri okhethwayo nokusebenza uhlehle indlela amasayithi agcina ngayo nezinto ezingakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi eziwuthengelwe.
Isinyathelo sesi-2: Hlukanisa i-kW Ku-kWh
Amandla ku-kW asetha ukuthi ungakanani umthwalo isistimu engakwazi ukuwususa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Amandla ku-kWh abeka ukuthi ingabamba isikhathi esingakanani lokho okukhiphayo. Isistimu engu-100 kW / 200 kWh iletha amahora amabili ngamandla alinganiselwe aphelele, noma amade ngokukhipha okuncishisiwe ngaphakathi kwamandla alo asebenzisekayo. Zombili izinombolo ziyadingeka ukuze uqhathanise amasistimu amabili - umchazi wethu kuwokW ngokumelene ne-kWhihlanganisa umehluko ngokuningiliziwe.
Isinyathelo sesi-3: Qoqa Idatha Yesikhawu, Hhayi Amanani Anyanga Zonke
Ukusetshenziswa kwanyanga zonke akukwazi ukukhombisa umumo noma ubude besikhathi sokuphakama, okuyikhona kanye okunquma impendulo. Ocwaningweni lokuqala, qoqa okungenani izinyanga eziyishumi nambili zezikweletu, idatha yesidingo sesikhawu ekukhokhisweni-kukulungiswa kwemitha, imininingwane yentela egcwele, ukukhiqizwa kwelanga kanye nedatha yokuthekelisa, umdwebo-womugqa owodwa, umthamo we-transformer kanye nesevisi, uhlu{3}}olubalulekile lomthwalo, umlando wokucisha, noma imaphi amashaja ahleliwe noma imishini, kanye neshejuli yokusebenza kwesayithi.
Isinyathelo sesi-4: Sebenza Amandla Adingekayo Namandla
Isibonelo esisetshenziwe, nokuqagela okushiwo ngokusobala ukuze ukwazi ukufaka esakho esikhundleni. Indawo yokusabalalisa impahla enezikweletu zesiqandisi inani eliphakeme elingu-480 kW. Okuhlosiwe wukubamba isidingo segridi ku-380 kW, ngakho uhlelo kumele lunikeze umehluko ongu-100 kW. Idatha yesikhawu ibonisa ukuthi isayithi lidlula u-380 kW phakathi nezinsuku eziningi kuze kufike kumaminithi angu-90, nesilinganiso esingaphezu kuka-70 kW kulawo mawindi - cishe angu-105 kWh wamandla ngaphezu komkhawulo ngosuku oluvamile.
Leyo 105 kWh ingamandla asebenzisekayo kumitha, ngakho kufanele ikhuliswe. Vumela isimo esisebenzisekayo-so{3}}sewindi lokushaja elicishe libe ngu-90%, kanye nokufiphala komthamo ukuze uhlelo lusahlangabezana nokuhlosiwe onyakeni walo wokugcina kunokuqala walo kuphela. Ukulinganisa ukuphela-kokusebenza{7}}kokusebenza kwempilo kunosuku{8}}kokusebenza okukodwa kucindezela imfuneko cishe ku-nameplate engu-150–170 kWh. Ngenkokhiso efunwayo engu-$18/kW ngenyanga, ukuncipha okuqhubekayo kuka-100 kW kubiza cishe u-$21,600 ngonyaka ngaphambi kwanoma ikuphi okunye ukusakaza kwevelu - okuyinani okufanele lihlolwe ngezindleko ezilethiwe, hhayi ukucatshangelwa.
Ukuze wenze ikhophi yasenqolobaneni, okokufaka kuyahluka: umthwalo obalulekile oqhubekayo, injini enkulu kakhulu noma ijubane lokuqalisa, umthwalo owamukelekayo{0}}ukulandelana kokulahla, isikhathi sokudlulisa esidingekayo, nobude besikhathi obudingekayo.
Isinyathelo sesi-5: Guqula Ubude Besikhathi Sokwenza Ikhophi Yasenqolobaneni Ngokweqiniso
Ubude bekhophi yasenqolobaneni ≈ amandla ebhethri asebenzisekayo (kWh) ÷ isilinganiso esibalulekile-sokudingeka komthwalo (kW)
Inombolo yesihloko ihlale inethemba. Thatha u-180 kWh wamandla e-nameplate kanye nomthwalo obalulekile ongu-60 kW. Ngokweqile lawo amahora amathathu. Manje sebenzisa izimali ezibanjwayo ezingokoqobo: umthamo ekupheleni kwewaranti cishe u-80% we-nameplate, indawo ebekiwe engaba ngu-10% uhlelo ngeke lukhiphe ngezansi, kanye nokulahlekelwa kokuguqulwa okungaba ngu-10%. Isibalo esilethiwe sihlala eduze kwamahora amabili - cishe ngaphansi kwengxenye yesithathu ngaphansi kwesihloko. I-motor inrush, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu le-ambient nanoma yimuphi umthwalo okhohlwe ukuwubeka kuphaneli ebalulekile kuyawunciphisa nakakhulu. Isipele sikasayizi ngokuqhathaniswa-nenombolo eyishumi, hhayi unyaka{13}}wenombolo eyodwa.
Isinyathelo sesi-6: Lingisa Isu Lokulawula
Amasistimu amabili anomthamo webhethri ofanayo angakhiqiza imiphumela yezezimali ehluke kakhulu kuye ngokuthi isilawuli sibikezela kahle kangakanani futhi sibambe umkhawulo wesidingo. Ukulingiswa kufanele kubonise izikhathi zokushaja nokukhipha, amanani aphakeme abuyekeziwe anyanga zonke, amandla angenisiwe nathunyelwa ngaphandle, imijikelezo noma okokusebenza, isimo{-sokuziphatha kwenkokhiso, isipele esilondoloziwe, ukonga okulinganiselwe konyaka, kanye nokuzwela intela noma ushintsho lomthwalo. Uma imodeli ingakwazi ukukhombisa ukuthi kwenzekani uma intela ishintsha, iyithuluzi lokuthengisa kunesifundo sobunjiniyela.
Yimuphi Usayizi Wesistimu Efakwa Amabhizinisi Ngempela?
Ukulinganisa izibalo kukunikeza inombolo; kuyasiza ukwazi ukuthi leyo nombolo ihlezi kuphi emakethe, ngoba izinto zokusebenza zakhiwe ngama-tiers futhi umngcele we-tier ushintsha ukufakwa, hhayi nje intengo. Ithebula elingezansi libonisa ukuthi amaphrojekthi ezohwebo nezimboni ngokuvamile ahlangana kanjani. Kuthathe njengokuqondisa kwengxoxo yokuqala, hhayi esikhundleni sesinyathelo 4 - futhi ubone ukubuka kwethu konkeizinhlelo zokugcina amandla ezentengiselwanoukuthi ama-tiers aqhathaniseka kanjani ekusebenzeni.
| Ibanga elijwayelekile | Ubani oyifakayo | Umsebenzi ojwayelekile | Yini eshintshayo kuleli zinga |
|---|---|---|---|
| 50–150 kWh, 30–60 kW | Izitolo ezincane, ama-workshops, imitholampilo,{0}}ukwenziwa kokukhanya okushintshwayo okukodwa | Ukusakaza kwevelu eyodwa - kuvame ukusetshenziswa yi-solar{1}}ukusebenzisa i-solar noma i-peak trim emaphakathi | I-wall noma i-compact floor mount; ngokuvamile ilingana nomthamo webhodi lokushintsha elikhona |
| 200–500 kWh, 100–250 kW | Ukukhiqiza{0}}usayizi ophakathi, indawo ebandayo, izitolo ezinkulu, amahhotela | Ukushefa okuphezulu kanye ne-solar, ngezinye izikhathi ngesethi{0}}yomthwalo obalulekile | Ikhabhinethi yangaphandle enokuphathwa kokushisa okuhlanganisiwe nokutholwa komlilo; ngokuvamile udinga i-slab, izindawo ezisusiwe kanye{0}}nokubuyekezwa kokufinyelela komlilo |
| 500 kWh–1 MWh, 250–500 kW | Amasayithi amakhulu angawodwa, izindawo zokushaja ze-EV,{0}}amakhampasi amaningi okwakha | Ukulawulwa kwesidingo kuyo yonke imithwalo embalwa, ukwesekwa kweshaja, ikhophi yesipele yesayithi ingxenye | Amakhabethe amaningi noma isitsha esincane; I-transformer ne-interconnection study ngokuvamile iyadingeka |
| 1 MWh nangaphezulu | Imboni esindayo, idatha kanye Logistics izakhiwo, microgrid | Isu{0}elibanzi lesayithi, ukuqina, kwesinye isikhathi ukubamba iqhaza kwemakethe | Uhlelo olufakwe emabhokisini olunemisebenzi yomphakathi ezinikele, uhlelo lokuvikela kanye nenqubo yokuxhuma igridi esemthethweni |
Isinqumo sekhabhinethi-ngokuqhudelana-nesitsha simayelana nezinyawo, ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuvumela okuningi njengomthamo. AniKhabhinethi yangaphandle BESSiyashesha ukuya endaweni futhi kulula ukunwetshwa ngokukhuphuka, okufanela amabhizinisi umthwalo wawo osakhula. Ai-BESS eneziqukathikwenza umqondo owengeziwe uma umthamo usudlula cishe i-megawatt-ihora, lapho{1}}izindleko ze-kWh ngayinye nokufinyelela kokulungisa kuvumela indawo ebiyelwe eyodwa. Amasistimu amabili anomthamo ofanayo oshiwo awashintsheki uma eyodwa ifika njengamakhabethe amathathu idinga amasethi amathathu emvume kanti enye njengesiqukathi esisodwa.
Imaphi Amabhizinisi Azuza Kakhulu
Umkhakha wodwa awunqumi lutho - lomumo wokulayisha kanye nentela ongayenza. Kodwa ithebula libonisa iphethini evame ukushayela inani, kanye nengozi evame ukuyehlisa.
| Umkhakha | Isiginesha yokulayisha ejwayelekile | Ukusakaza kwenani eliyinhloko | Ubude besikhathi obujwayelekile | Ingozi enkulu kakhulu |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ukukhiqiza | Ama-spikes amafushane, aphindaphindwayo ukusuka ekuqaleni komshini kanye nezinguquko zokushintsha | Funa{0}}ukwehliswa kwenkokhiso | Amahora angu-1-2 | Ngesikhathi esifanayo iqala lapho i-PCS engaphansi engakwazi ukumboza |
| Isitoreji esibandayo kanye nempahla | Ukuhamba ngebhayisikili esiqandisini endaweni ebanzi yansuku zonke, kanye nokushaja izimoto | Ukushefa okuphezulu kanye nokuqina | 2–4 amahora | Iziqongo ezibanzi ezidinga amandla amaningi kakhulu kunalokho obekulindelwe |
| Ukudayisa nokungenisa izihambi | Amahora okusebenza amade, ukupholisa-iziqongo zasehlobo eziqhutshwayo | Isikhathi-sokusebenzisa{1}}ukugudluka kanye nokuzisebenzisela i-solar{2}} | 2–4 amahora | Inani ligxiliswe ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zonyaka |
| Ezolimo kanye nokucubungula ukudla | Iziqongo zokumpompa ngezikhathi ezithile, ukuchelela kanye nokucubungula | Ukuncishiswa kwesidingo nokuvikelwa kokucisha | 2–4 amahora | Izinkathi zonyaka ezinamandla, ngakho-ke izilinganiso zonyaka ziyadukisa |
| Amahhovisi namakhampasi | Iphrofayili yosuku lwesonto eyisicaba, i-solar ebalulekile yophahla, umthwalo okhulayo we-EV | I-Solar{0}}ukusebenzisa yona ngokwakho kanye nokuphathwa kweshaja | 2–4 amahora | Amanani aphansi ashiya okuncane ku-arbitrage |
| Idatha kanye ne-telecom | Umthwalo oyisisekelo ophakeme, ozinzile onokubekezelela ukunqamuka okuphansi kakhulu | Ikhwalithi yamandla nesikhathi | Imiswe ngokokugibela-ngesidingo | Ukuthatha i-BESS kungena esikhundleni se-UPS noma ijeneretha |
Ukukhetha Isistimu kanye Nomhlinzeki
Linganisa Uhlelo, Hhayi Iseli
I-Chemistry ingenye yokufaka phakathi kwabaningi. I-LFP isiphenduke ikhemistri ehamba phambili yesitoreji esinganyakazi - Amanothi esisekelo sobuchwepheshe be-NREL yathatha izintambo njengekhemistri eyinhloko emile kusukela ku-2021 - kodwa i-chemistry iyodwa ayenzi isistimu iphephe. Okubalulekile ukuthi amaseli, i-BMS, i-PCS, ukuphathwa kwe-thermal, ukutholwa komlilo, i-switchgear nezilawuli ziziphatha kanjani njengomkhiqizo ohlanganisiwe, nokuthi ingabe uhlelo-lokuhlola ileveli yesistimu lubonisa ukucushwa okuthengayo ngempela yini. Cela imininingwane yedizayini yeseli nemojula, i-BMS architecture, ukusebenzisana kwe-PCS, indlela yokuphatha okushisayo, imibiko{6}}yezinga lokuhlolwa kwesistimu kanye nemibhalo egcwele yokufaka.
Qinisekisa Ukuphepha Nokuthobela Indawo Yakho
E-United States, cacisa ngezinto ezimbili ezihlanganiswa njalo ezintweni zokuthengisa. I-UL 9540 iyizinga{2}}lezinga lokuphepha lezinga umkhiqizo ogunyazwe ngalo.I-UL 9540A iyindlela yokuhlolaukuze kuhlolwe i-thermal-runaway fire propagation - izinga likazwelonke elicashunwe ku-NFPA 855 lokuhlola-izikali zomlilo. Ayikho into efana nesistimu eqinisekisiwe ku-UL 9540A; kunemibiko yokuhlolwa. Lapho ubuyekeza eyodwa, hlola uhlelo, izinga lokuhlola elifinyelelwe (iseli, imojula, iyunithi noma ukufakwa), nokuthi ingabe ukucushwa okuhloliwe kufana nendawo ebiyelwe, isikhala kanye nezimo zokufaka kusayithi lakho. Umhlahlandlela wethu wokuIsitifiketi se-UL se-BESSihlanganisa ukuthi la madokhumenti ahlangana kanjani.
E-Australia, i-AS/NZS 5139 ibusa ukuphepha kwezinhlelo zebhethri ezisetshenziswa nempahla yokuguqula amandla. Ukuchitshiyelwa koku-1 kwashicilelwa mhla ziyi-19 kuZibandlela wezi-2025 kanye noUhulumeni we-NSW ukuqinisekisile manje ukuthi sekuyimpoqo, nezinguquko ezincazelweni, imidwebo yokufaka, nendawo kanye nezidingo zokugunyazwa. Qinisekisa ukuthi iyiphi inguqulo isifaki sakho esisebenzela kuyo. Izinhlelo ezinkulu zezentengiselwano nezimboni nazo zihlala ngaphandle kobubanzi bokuqondisa kwemishini yasendlini, futhi izimfuneko ziyahlukahluka ngokwesifunda kanye no-opharetha wenethiwekhi, ngakho kufanele unjiniyela wendawo kanye nesiphathimandla esifanele baqinisekise idizayini ngaphambi kokuthenga.
Qhathanisa Iziqinisekiso Zamandla Adilivwe, Hhayi Iminyaka
Iwaranti yeminyaka eyishumi{0}ehlanganisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinga isu lakho lokusebenza elizophela kweyisithupha-iwaranti yeminyaka eyisithupha. Qhathanisa amandla aqinisekisiwe asebenzisekayo namandla agciniwe ekupheleni kwethemu, umjikelezo kanye nemikhawulo yokuphuma, izinga lokushisa lokusebenza, amanani aphezulu wezindleko namazinga okukhishwa, ukunakekelwa okudingekayo ukuze kugcinwe ikhava isebenza, iziqinisekiso zokutholakala, izimo zokusebenza ezingabaliwe, nokuthi ingabe umsebenzi nokushintshwa kufakiwe noma kukhokhiswa ngokwehlukana. Bese uhlola leyo mikhawulo ngokumelene nephrofayili yokuthumela ngokulinganisa kwakho.
Hlola Izilawuli kanye Nomsila Omude
Uhlelo lokuphatha amandla kufanele lusekele ukusetshenziswa okuthengile: ukufuna-ukulawula umkhawulo, ukuhlela intela, isibikezelo selanga nomthwalo, ukugcinwa kokugcinwa kwekhophi, ukuhlanganisa ishaja, ukuthunyelwa okukude, ukuphatha i-alamu, ukubika ukusebenza nanoma yikuphi ukuhlanganiswa kwephrothokholi okudingwa yizinhlelo zakho zokwakha. Ngaphandle kokugunyazwa, qinisekisa ukuxilonga okukude,{2}}ukutholakala kwengxenye esele kanye nezikhathi zokuhola, inqubomgomo yokubuyekeza i-firmware, amandla okusebenza endawo, imigomo yokuvikela yokulondoloza, kanye nokuthi ingabe i-architecture ivumela ukunwetshwa kwamandla noma ukuhlanganiswa nenye isistimu ye-PV noma i-generator kamuva. Konke lokhu kufanele kuphenduleke ngaphambi kwenkontileka, hhayi ngemuva.
Amaphutha Abiza Kakhulu
Ukuthenga nge-kWh kuphela.Umthamo omkhulu wamandla ngemuva kwe-PCS engaphansi akukwazi ukubamba umkhawulo wesidingo, okusho ukuthi inkokhiso yokufunwa - ngokuvamile iphoyinti lonke - alinyakazi.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi{0}}ukwenza ikhophi yesayithi yonke.Amandla okwenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yisinqumo sedizayini esibandakanya ukushintsha, ukuhlehlisa, izilawuli kanye -nephaneli yokulayisha ebalulekile ehlukanisiwe. Akuyona impahla yamabhethri anayo ngokuzenzakalela.
Ukwethemba inani lembuyiselo ejwayelekile.Inombolo yokumaketha ayikwazi ukumiselela isifaniso esiqhathaniswa nomthwalo wakho kanye nenani lentengo.
Ibala yonke imali engenayo ngevelu egcwele.Ukushefa okuphezulu, i-arbitrage, i-backup reserve kanye nezinsizakalo zegridi ziqhudelana ngomthamo ofanayo kanye nemijikelezo efanayo.
Ukuziba ukwehlisa isithunzi.Ukulinganisa usuku-kumthamo owodwa kusho ukuthi isistimu iyayeka ukuhlangabezana nethagethi yayo ndawana thize phakathi nempilo yayo, ngokuvamile ingaqashelwa kuze kuvele inkokhiso efunekayo.
Icacisa imishini yokuhlala yemithwalo yezimboni.Iziza zezentengiselwano ezincane kwesinye isikhathi zingasebenzisa-izinto zokusebenza zekilasi, kodwa amandla, amandla, umjikelezo wemisebenzi kanye nezimfuneko zokuthobelana ziyahlukana ngokushesha njengoba umthwalo ukhuphuka.
Ishiya imikhawulo yesayithi kuze kube sekupheleni.Isistimu yomsindo wobuchwepheshe isengabambezeleka noma yenqatshwe ngenxa yokugunyazwa koxhumano, umthamo we-transformer,{0}}ukufinyelela okucacile, indawo ebonakalayo noma imvume. Hlola lokhu ngokuhambisana nocwaningo lobuchwepheshe, hhayi ngemuva kwalo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Yesitoreji Sebhethri Yezentengiso
Umbuzo: Ingabe Isitoreji Sebhethri Lezentengiso Sisebenza Ngaphandle Kwamaphaneli Elanga?
A: Yebo. Isistimu ezimele ikhokhisa kusukela kugridi futhi ingasekela ukushintshwa kokulayisha, ukushefa okuphezulu, ukwenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni kanye nezinhlelo zokusabela ezidingekayo{1}}ezifanelekayo. I-solar ishintsha ezomnotho kodwa akuyona imfuneko.
Q: Yimuphi Usayizi Webhethri Ibhizinisi Liyidingayo?
A: Ngaso sonke isikhathi izinombolo ezimbili: isilinganiso samandla ku-kW esisethwe ngokuthi udinga ukususa isiqongo esingakanani noma ukuthi ungakanani umthwalo obalulekile okufanele uwuthwale, kanye nomthamo wamandla ku-kWh omiswe ukuthi udinga isikhathi esingakanani ukubamba lokho okukhiphayo. Idatha yesikhawu inquma kokubili. Imiklamo eminingi yezohwebo ihlala phakathi kuka-100 kWh no-1 MWh, enezimboni ezisindayo namakhempasi ngaphezu kwalokho.
Q: Lubiza Malini Uhlelo Lwesitoreji Sebhethri Lezentengiso?
IMP: Asikho isibalo esisodwa, futhi noma isiphi isisho esinikezwe ngaphandle kobude besikhathi asinakuqhathaniswa. Izindleko nge-kWh ngayinye ziyehla njengoba ubude besikhathi bukhuphuka, futhi izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ngokuvamile zingaphansi kwengxenye yezindleko zephrojekthi efakiwe uma i-PCS, i-transformer, i-switchgear, imisebenzi yomphakathi, ukuvikela umlilo, ubunjiniyela kanye nokuxhuma sekufakiwe.
Q: Ibhethri Lezentengiso Linganikeza Amandla Ayisipele Isikhathi Esingakanani?
IMP: Hlukanisa amandla asebenzisekayo ngesilinganiso somthwalo obalulekile esilinganisweni sokuqala, bese wehlisela ukulahlekelwa kokuguqulwa, indawo ebekiwe, ukuqalisa kanye nokuphela-komthamo wempilo. Kulesi sibonelo esingenhla, amahora amathathu okuzisholo abe cishe amabili.
Q: Singakanani Isikhathi Sokubuyisela?
A: Asikho isibalo esidlulisekayo. Ukubuyiselwa kwemali kuncike ezindlekweni ezifakiwe, ukwakheka kwentela, ukonga okufunwayo, ukugibela ibhayisikili, inani elicishayo, imali engenayo yohlelo, uxhaso lwezimali kanye nezibonelelo eziqinisekisiwe. Noma iyiphi inombolo ecashuniwe ngaphandle kwalokho okufakiwe okunamathiselwe ichaza isayithi ehlukile.
Q: Ingabe Ibhizinisi Lingakwazi Ukudayisa Amandla Ebhethri Libuyele Kugridi?
A: Ngezinye izikhathi. Kuncike emithethweni yemakethe yendawo, ukugunyazwa kokuxhumana, ukufinyelela kuhlelo olufanelekile noma isihlanganisi, nezilawuli ezikwazi ukwamukela ukuthunyelwa kwangaphandle. Qinisekisa ukufaneleka ngaphambi kokuthi kuvele kumodeli yezezimali.
Q: Ingabe i-LFP Ikhemistry Engcono Kakhulu Yezohwebo BESS?
IMP: I-LFP manje isiyinketho evamile yokugcina umile, kodwa ikhemistri iyodwa ayinqumi ukuphepha noma ukufaneleka. Hlola isitifiketi{1}}sezinga lesistimu nobufakazi bokuhlola, izinga lokushisa lokusebenza, imigomo yesiqinisekiso, amandla omjikelezo kanye nokwesekwa kwabahlinzeki ndawonye.
Q: Ingabe I-BESS Iyafana Ne-UPS Noma Ijeneretha?
A: Cha. I-BESS ingaletha ukusekela kwamandla asheshayo uma yakhelwe ukwenza isipele, kodwa isikhathi sokusebenza sinqunywa amandla agciniwe. I-UPS ikhona yokuqhubeka kanye nekhwalithi yamandla esikalini se-millisecond; ijeneretha isebenza inqobo nje uma uphethiloli usekhona. Izikhungo ezibucayi zivame ukusebenzisa zontathu, ngasinye senza lokho ezinye ezingenakukwazi.
Q: Yiluphi Ulwazi Okufanele Luthunyelwe Kumhlinzeki We-BESS?
IMP: Idatha yesikhawu somthwalo, izinyanga eziyishumi nambili zezikweletu, imininingwane yentela,{0}}umdwebo womugqa owodwa, umthamo we-transformer, idatha yelanga, imithwalo ebalulekile, izidingo zokucisha, indawo etholakalayo nezinhlelo zokunwetshwa zesikhathi esizayo. Ngaphandle kwedatha yesikhawu, noma isiphi isiphakamiso ositholayo siwukuqagela okugqokwa njengesilinganiso.