Sakha kokubili umoya{0}opholile kanye nowuketshezi-opholile i-BESS. Lokho kusho ukuthi sibambe izingcingo ezanele zokuthuma, izingxoxo zewaranti, nezibuyekezo zamamodeli ashisayo ukuze sibe nombono ocacile wokuthi indlela ngayinye inengqondo nini - nalapho ingenzeki. Lesi sihloko sibeka lokho esikufundile, ukuthi idatha eshicilelwe isekelani, nalapho isinqumo sokupholisa ngokuvamile siphutha.
Indlela yokupholisa oyikhethela isistimu yokugcina amandla ebhethri ithinta ukuthi amabhethri ahlala isikhathi esingakanani, ukuthi ungawajikijela kanzima kangakanani, nokuthi isistimu iyawabamba yini amandla ayo alinganiselwe esimweni sezulu esishisayo. Ukupholisa komoya kusebenza kumasistimu amabhayisikili amancane, ahamba kancane. Ukupholisa uketshezi yilapho iningi lamaphrojekthi wezohwebo kanye nezinsiza{2}}enza khona. Igebe phakathi kwakho kokubili alilincane.
Kungani Ukupholisa Kubaluleke Kakhulu Kunokuba Abathengi Abaningi Baqaphela
Amabhethri e-Lithium{0}}ion awakuthandi ukushisa. Lokho akuyona impikiswano - wonke umkhiqizi weseli ushicilela ububanzi obusebenzayo obunconyiwe, ngokuvamile endaweni ethile phakathi kuka-15℃no-35℃, ngezinye izikhathi kufika ku-40℃kuye ngekhemistri nephrofayela yokugibela ibhayisikili. I-NREL's Storage Futures Study and Annual Technology Baseline kokubili kugcizelela ukuthi ukugcina amaseli ngaphakathi kwebhendi yokushisa emaphakathi, ezinzile kungenye yezici ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuzuzeni impilo yomjikelezo ephrintiwe eshidini lokucacisa.
Okungabonakali kakhulu ukuthi izijeziso zinqwabelana kangakanani uma usushiya lolo banga. Ukuhlaziya okukhonjwe kakhulu kwe-NREL ye-Pfannenberg{1} kubeka izinombolo ezinzima kuyo: ukusebenza okuqhubekayo ngo-30℃kungase kufinyeze ukuphila kwakho konke cishe ngo-20% uma kuqhathaniswa no-20℃. Ku-40 degree, ukulahlekelwa kusondela ku-40%. Kuma-degree angu-45 , ukuphila okusebenzisekayo kungehla ngesigamu. Lawo maphesenti ayashintsha ngokuya ngekhemistri yeseli, idizayini yephakethe, kanye nokuthi isistimu ijikeleza kangakanani - kodwa ukuqondiswa akushintshi. Amabhethri okudala ukushisa. Ukushisa okwengeziwe kuyaguga ngokushesha.
Manje cabanga ngesiqukathi sensimbi esingamamitha angu-20{5}sihlezi phezu kwephedi likakhonkolo e-Phoenix noma e-Riyadh. Akukho mthunzi, akukho control sezulu. Izinga lokushisa lomoya wangaphakathi ntambama ehlobo lingadlula ku-50 degrees . Lokho akuyona into ecatshangelwayo - yisimo esizenzakalelayo sanoma iyiphi i-BESS yangaphandle ngaphandle kokuphathwa kokushisa okusebenzayo. Futhi yingakho umbuzo ungekona ukuthi isistimu yakho idinga ukupholisa, kodwa iluphi uhlobo.
Isimo sezulu esibandayo siletha inkinga ehlukile abathengi abambalwa abacabanga ngayo. Ngaphansi kuka-0℃, amaseli e-lithium{2}}ayamelana nokushajwa. Ukusunduza i-current kuseli elibandayo kubangela i-lithium plating - amadiphozi ensimbi akheka ku-anode, kwehlisa umthamo unomphela, futhi andise ingcuphe yangaphakathi-yeziyingi ezimfishane. I-NREL imakwe ukushajwa{7}}kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi njengendlela ethile yokwehlisa izinga. Uma isayithi lakho libona ubusika obunzima, isistimu yakho yokuphatha ezishisayo idinga umsebenzi wokushisisa, hhayi nje ukupholisa.
Enye into evame ukunganakwa: ukufana kwezinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwephakethe lebhethri kubaluleke kakhulu njengezinga lokushisa eliphelele. Uma amaseli ashisa kakhulu nabanda kakhulu kurack ehluka ngamadigri angu-5 noma ngaphezulu, lawo maseli aguga ngamanani ahlukene, ashaje ngesivinini esihlukile, futhi ashaye imikhawulo yamandla kagesi ngezikhathi ezihlukene. Iseli elibuthakathaka libeka usilingi kuyo yonke intambo. Kusistimu eneziqukathi eziningi-ze-MWh enezinkulungwane zamaseli, ukusabalalisa okushisayo okungalingani kuyindlela ogcina unamandla ngayo owukhokhele kodwa ungakwazi ukufinyelela kuwo ngokuphephile.
Imithombo ebalulwe ngenhla: I-NREL Storage Futures Study kanye Nesisekelo Sonyaka Sobuchwepheshe (isiqondiso sezinga lokushisa, ukumodela okonakele); I-UL 9540 (izinga lokuphepha kwemishini ye-ESS); I-UL 9540A (indlela yokuhlola yokusabalalisa umlilo obalekayo oshisayo, ebalulwe yi-NFPA 855); ishicilele izifundo zokuguga kuwo wonke amakhemikhali e-LFP kanye ne-NMC.
Ukupholisa komoya - Lapho Kusebenza Khona, Lapho Kungasebenzi
Ukupholisa komoya kusebenzisa abalandeli ukuhambisa umoya ozungezile noma opholile kuwo wonke amamojula ebhethri. Izinto ezilula, ezishibhile, ezimbalwa zokuphulwa. Siyisebenzisa empilweni yethuiKhabhinethi yangaphandle BESSngenxa yalezo zizathu kanye - kukhabethe lezentengiso elingu-60–120 kWh elijikeleza kanye ngosuku ngamanani aphakathi nendawo, ukupholisa komoya kugcina izinga lokushisa lilungile ngaphandle kobunzima bokufaka amapayipi eluphu ewuketshezi.
Umkhawulo othembekile: umoya awukudlulisi kahle ukushisa. Ngamafomethi{1}eziqukathi aphezulu, udinga amashaneli omoya abanzi phakathi kwama-rack ebhethri ukuze ulondoloze ukugeleza komoya, odla ukuminyana kwamandla. Futhi noma kunomklamo omuhle wokugeleza komoya, -ukuya{4}}kumaseli izinga lokushisa elingu-5–8℃kuvamile. Lokho kubhebhetheka kubangela ukuguga okungalingani, futhi kuba kubi kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo noma phakathi nokuhamba ngebhayisikili okunamandla - ngokuqondile kwezimo lapho udinga ukupholisa ukuze usebenze kanzima.
Sibe namakhasimende acacisa ukupholisa komoya ngezizathu zezindleko, bese ehlangabezana ne-thermal throttling ngesikhathi sehlobo-lokushefa. I-BMS ithola amaseli ashisayo, idonsela emuva amandla okukhipha ukuze iwavikele, futhi isistimu iletha okungaphansi kokukhishwa kwayo okulinganiselwe ngezinsuku ezishisa kakhulu zonyaka. Lokho akulona iphutha - yi-BMS eyenza umsebenzi wayo. Kodwa uma isimo sakho sebhizinisi sincike ekusebenzeni okuphezulu- kosuku, ukupholisa komoya endaweni eshisayo yangaphandle akufani.
Kuzinhlelo zokuhlala, ukufakwa kwezentengiselwano okuncane okungaphansi kuka-500 kWh, nanoma yini ehlezi endaweni{1}}elawulwa yisimo sezulu esinamabhayisikili athambile, ukupholisa umoya kuwucingo olulungile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, siqondisa amakhasimende ku-liquid.
Ukupholisa Uketshezi - Kungani Amaphrojekthi Ezentengiso Amaningi Aphelela Lapha
Ukupholisa uketshezi kuzungeza-isipholisi se-glycol samanzi ngamapuleti ensimbi acindezelwe kumaseli ebhethri. Isipholile simunca ukushisa, sikuyise kumakhaza angaphandle, bese sibuya kubanda. Ibiza kakhulu - i-premium yezindleko ngaphezu kokupholisa komoya ihamba ngebanga elingu-15–25% kuye ngosayizi wesistimu ne-thermal architecture - futhi yengeza amapayipi, amaphampu, nesibandisi esidinga ukulungiswa.
Ngakho kungani iningi lamaphrojekthi e-C&I kanye nensizakalo{0}}ekhetha yona noma kunjalo?
Ngoba igebe le-physics likhulu. Amanzi-i-glycol anomthamo wokushisa ophakeme kakhulu kanye ne-thermal conductivity kunomoya, yingakho uketshezi{2}}amasistimu apholile ekwazi ukubamba iseli-kuya{4}}ukuhlukahluka kwezinga lokushisa kweseli ngaphakathi kwamadigri angu-2–3 . Lokho kufana kuhumusha ngokuqondile ekugugeni kwamaseli nakakhulu, umthamo ongaguquki osebenzisekayo esikhathini sewaranti yesistimu, kanye nezimanga ezimbalwa onyakeni wesi-5 lapho amaseli eqala ukwehluka.
Ukuminyana kungenye into. Ngaphandle kwamashaneli omoya abanzi phakathi kwama-rack, ungakwazi ukupakisha isitoreji esiningi esitsheni esifanayo. Ezinye iziqukathi eziwuketshezi-ezipholile ezingu-20-zedlula u-5 MWh - kakhulu kunokulungiselelwa okupholiswe komoya okujwayelekile endaweni efanayo. Kumaphrojekthi lapho izindleko zomhlaba noma izingqinamba zezimvume zikhawulela usayizi womzimba, leyo nzuzo yokuminyana ibalulekile.
Kukhona futhi impikiswano yemali engenayo. Amasistimu akwazi ukujikeleza ngamandla ngaphandle kokushisisa ngokweqile afanelekela-amasevisi egridi akhokhayo aphezulu - ukulawulwa kwemvamisa, ukusabela kokufunwa, amasu e-arbitrage adinga imijikelezo eminingi ngosuku. I-headroom eyengeziwe yokugibela amabhayisikili ehlinzekwa ngokupholisa uketshezi ingathuthukisa ngokuphawulekayo imbuyiselo yonyaka, nakuba ukukhushulwa kwangempela kuncike emakethe yakho, isu lokuthumela, kanye nesakhiwo sesilinganiso.
Iphrojekthi eyodwa ekhombisa umehluko ngokusobala: a2 MWh containerized ESS esiyifake e-Australia. Isistimu isebenzisa ukupholisa okuwuketshezi ukuze ilawule umthamo oshisayo kuwo wonke amaseli e-LFP endaweni eshisayo yangaphandle - ncamashi uhlobo lwesayithi lapho ukupholisa komoya bekuyophoqa i-BMS ukuthi inyakaze ehlobo evamile. Nge-liquid loop egcina iseli eliqinile-kuya{4}}ukufana kweseli, isistimu ijikeleza nsuku zonke ngokushefa okuphezulu nokuhlanganisa okuvuselelekayo ngaphandle kokuncipha komthamo okuhlupha imiklamo eshisayo engahlolisisiwe ezimweni zezulu ezifanayo. Lolo uhlobo lomphumela okunzima ukuwufaka ebhukwana kodwa okulula ukuwubona kudatha yokusebenza ezinyangeni eziyishumi nambili.
Kunoma iyiphi isistimu engaphezu kuka-500 kWh, ukuhamba ngebhayisikili ngaphezu kokukodwa nsuku zonke, noma ukuhlala ngaphandle endaweni eshisayo, sincoma ukupholisa okuwuketshezi njengendlela yokuqala. I-premium yangaphambili ingokoqobo, kodwa incane uma iqhathaniswa nezindleko zokushintshwa kwebhethri ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma imali engenayo elahlekile evela ku-thermal throttling.
Ukupholisa Kokucwiliswa - Okufanelekile Ukubuka, Okungakabi Okujwayelekile
Ukupholisa kokucwiliswa kucwilisa amaseli ngokuphelele-kuketshezi lwe-dielectric olungaqhubeki. Yonke indawo ithinta into epholile ngokuqondile - awekho amapuleti, akukho okubonakalayo okushisayo, awekho amagebe omoya. Iseli-kuya-ukuhlukahluka kwezinga lokushisa kweseli liyehla lifinyelele kuqanda, futhi uketshezi ngokwalo lusebenza njengesivimbeli somlilo.
Okunye ukuhlola komthengisi kuphakamisa ukuthi ukucwiliswa{0}}amabhethri apholile angahlala isikhathi eside ngokunenjongo kunokulingana kwepuleti{1}}okupholile, nakuba idatha yenkambu ezimele esikalini segridi isencane. Ubuchwepheshe buthola ukunakwa kwamandla okulondoloza isikhungo sedatha kanye{3}}nokusetshenziswa kokushisa okudlulele. Izindleko ziyehla, kodwa kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2026, ukucwiliswa kokupholisa kuseyinketho ye-niche yokugcina umile - into esiyibukayo, hhayi into okwamanje esingayincoma njengokuzenzakalelayo.
Umbuzo Wesabelomali, Uphendulwe Ngokwethembeka
Sibuzwa mayelana nezindleko zokupholisa{0}}inzuzo cishe kuwo wonke amaphrojekthi wokuthengisa. Nansi indlela esiwuhlaka.
Thatha i-1 MWh LFP yohlelo lokuhamba ngebhayisikili nsuku zonke. Ngamaseli okupholisa okuwuketshezi aseduze no-25℃, leyo sistimu ingase ilethe imijikelezo engu-6,000–8,000 esikhathini sayo sesiqinisekiso - inani eliqondile lincike ekujuleni kokukhipha kanye nephrofayela yebhayisikili. Uma leyo sistimu isebenza ngokungaguquguquki ku-35℃ngenxa yokuthi ukupholisa bekungacatshangwe kahle, impilo yomjikelezo ingase yehlele ku-4,000 noma ngaphansi ngaphambi kokushaya iwaranti{12}}icuphe ukuwohloka. Ezindlekweni zamanje zeseli ye-LFP, igebe lokushintsha phakathi kwaleyo miphumela emibili lidlula kalula izindleko zokucacisa ukupholisa uketshezi ekuqaleni.
Ukuxhasa ngezimali kuyingxenye yakho futhi. Lapho ababolekisi nabadayisi bomshwalense behlola iphrojekthi, babheka kanzima imibhalo yokuphepha. I-UL 9540 - izinga lokuphepha kwempahla ye-ESS - kanye ne-UL 9540A - indlela yokuhlola yokuhlola ukusakazeka komlilo obalekayo oshisayo, okubhekiselwa kuyo ngokucacile yi-NFPA 855 - kokubili kuhlola ukuthi isistimu isingatha kanjani ingcindezi yokushisa. Uhlelo olunomgogodla wokuphatha{8}okushisa oklanywe kahle osekelayoisitifiketi esigcwele se-ULijwayele ukuthola imigomo yomshuwalense engcono kanye nokuvunyelwa ngokushesha. Lokho akuyona inzuzo ethambile - umugqa wesikhathi wephrojekthi kanye nezindleko zemali enkulu.
Indlela Esisiza Ngayo Amakhasimende Ukunquma
Uma ikhasimende liza kithi kusenesikhathi ekwakhiweni kwephrojekthi, sidlula ezintweni ezinhlanu ngaphambi kokuncoma ukucushwa kwe-thermal:
- Usayizi wesistimu:Ngaphansi kuka-500 kWh, ukupholisa komoya kuvamise ukuphatha umthwalo. Ngaphezulu kuka-1 MWh, ukupholisa uketshezi kuwuhlelo oluzenzakalelayo.
- Iphrofayela yebhayisikili:Umjikelezo owodwa omnene ngosuku ku-0.25C? Umoya ulungile. Imijikelezo eminingi yansuku zonke noma ukukhishwa okusheshayo kwezinsizakalo zegridi? Uketshezi.
- Isimo sezulu sesayithi:Ngasendlini noma ngaphandle okupholile? Umoya ungasebenza. Ugwadule, indawo eshisayo, noma{1}}ukusebenza okubanda kakhulu? Uketshezi oluneluphu yokushisisa edidiyelwe.
- Imodeli yemali engenayo:Ukushefa okulula okuphezulu? Umoya ungase wanele. Ukunqwabelaniswa kwemali engenayo ngokulawulwa kwemvamisa kanye ne-arbitrage? Isistimu idinga igumbi lokuhamba ngebhayisikili elihlinzekwa ngokupholisa uketshezi.
- Imikhawulo yezinyathelo:Isiza esiqinile? Inzuzo yokuminyana kokupholisa uketshezi isho iziqukathi ezimbalwa zomthamo ofanayo.
Uma uqhathanisa ukucushwa kwe-BESS kanye nokuphathwa kokushisa kuyingxenye yesinqumo, isihloko sethu sikhulumareal-izinto zokusebenza zomhlaba ze-BESSihlanganisa isithombe esibanzi - okuhlanganisa ikhwalithi ye-BMS, ukuhlolwa kokuhlanganiswa, nokuthi ukuphathwa kwe-thermal kusebenzisana kanjani nemigomo yesiqinisekiso.
Umoya vs. Liquid vs. Immersion - Ireferensi esheshayo
| Ukupholisa umoya | Ukupholisa Uketshezi | Ukucwiliswa Ukupholisa | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Usayizi wesistimu | 5 kWh – 500 kWh | 500 kWh – kaningi-MWh | Okukhethekile / isikali-sokulinga |
| Umfutho wamabhayisikili | 1x/ngosuku, -isilinganiso esimaphakathi | Imijikelezo eminingi/usuku, izinga elingu-C-eliphezulu | Izinga C-eziphezulu, umsebenzi oqhubekayo |
| Iseli-kuya-ukufana kweseli | 5–8℃(dizayini{2}}incike) | 2-3℃ejwayelekile | Eduze-ziro |
| Ukufaneleka kwesimo sezulu | Izinga lokushisa, elingaphakathi, elipholile ngaphandle | Zonke izimo zezulu (ene-heater loop) | Ukushisa okukhulu,{0}}amasayithi aminyana kakhulu |
| Izindleko ezihlobene | Okuphansi kakhulu | I-premium emaphakathi | Okuphezulu kakhulu (kwehla) |
| Kuhle kakhulu | Indawo yokuhlala, i-C&I encane, ikhophi yasenqolobaneni | I-C&I, insiza-isikali, amasevisi egridi | Izikhungo zedatha, izindawo eziyingozi kakhulu |
Yini Eshintshayo Ekuphathweni Kwezishisayo
Izinto ezimbalwa esizinaka ngasohlangothini lokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo.
Abanye abahlinzeki be-BESS bahlanganisa i-AI-eqhutshwa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-thermal kusofthiwe yabo yokuphatha amandla - besebenzisa izibikezelo zesimo sezulu kanye namashejuli okuthumela ngaphambili{2}}kumabhethri apholile ngaphambi kokuhamba ngebhayisikili elikhulu kunokusabela ngemva kokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa. Lapho isetshenziswe kahle, ama-opharetha abika ukulawula okushisayo okuqinile ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla asizayo aphansi. Lokhu sikubona kakhulu kuzihlanganisi ezinkulu zesofthiwe-zokudlulisela phambili; ayikahlungi kuze kufike-kumasistimu emakethe kuze kube manje.
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokushintsha isigaba ziyahlolwa njengesigcinalwazi esishisayo esakhiweni sokupholisa esiyingxubevange. I-Innovation Outlook ye-IRENA mayelana nesitoreji samandla ashisayo ikhombe ama-PCM athuthukisiwe njengendlela engaba khona yokusebenza kahle kangcono, nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwezentengiso ku-BESS emile kusanomkhawulo. Umbono - wokusebenzisa into emunca ukushisa njengoba inyibilika ukuze kusheleleke ama-spikes adlulayo - unomsindo. Ukuyikala ngendlela enokwethenjelwa ngefomethi efakwe esitsheni inselele esele yobunjiniyela.
Ohlangothini lwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha zeseli, ukushintshela kumaseli efomethi-amakhudlwana (kusuka kumaseli angu-280 Ah ayebusa 2022–2024, kuya ku-314 Ah, ukuya 700+ kumafomethi we-Ah) kunemithelela yokuphatha ukushisa. Amaseli ambalwa ngesistimu ngayinye asho amaseli ambalwa-kuya{8}}ukuhlangana kwamaseli lapho ama-gradients okushisa akheka khona. Ukuthi lokho kwenza ukupholisa kube lula ngokwanele ukushintsha umoya{10}}vs{11}}i-liquid calculus kuncike ekwakhekeni kwephekhi - kodwa ihamba ngendlela efanele.
Uma i-engeli yekhemistri ikuthanda, ingxenye yethu ivuliweukusebenza kwe-chemistry yebhethri ye-voltage ephezuluijula endleleni i-LFP ne-NMC eziphatha ngayo ngokuhlukile ngaphansi kwengcindezi yokushisa - nokuthi kusho ukuthini lokho ekwakhiweni kwesistimu.
Imibuzo Ejwayelekile Esiyithola Kubathengi
Ingabe indawo yami idinga ngempela ukupholisa uketshezi, noma ingabe lokho kuyagada?
Kuya ngokuthi uhlelo lusebenza kanzima kangakanani. Uma ufaka isistimu yokwenza isipele engu-200 kWh endlini-enomoya opholile futhi uyigibele ngebhayisikili izikhathi ezimbalwa ngenyanga, ukupholisa okuwuketshezi kubulala kakhulu - izibambo zokupholisa komoya. Uma ubeka isistimu engu-1 MWh ngaphandle ukuze uthole ukushefa okuphezulu kwansuku zonke kanye nempendulo yesidingo, ukupholisa okuwuketshezi akukhona ngokweqile. Ivikela ukutshalwa kwezimali-kwamanani ayisithupha ekulimaleni okungagwemeka. Izindleko zokwenza lokhu kungalungile ngokuvamile zivela onyakeni wesi-3–5, lapho{11}}amasistimu apholile endaweni eshisayo eqala ukulahlekelwa umthamo ngokushesha kunemodeli yezezimali ehlongozwayo.
Kuthiwani nge-LFP vs. NMC - ingabe ikhemistri ishintsha imfuneko yokupholisa?
I-LFP inomkhawulo obanzi wokuphepha okushisayo. Iphoyinti layo lokubola elishisayo licishe libe ngama-degree angama-270 uma liqhathaniswa namadigri angama-210 e-NMC, okwenza i-LFP ithethelele nakakhulu ohambo olufushane lokushisa. Kodwa womabili amakhemistri ehla ngokushesha ngaphandle kwebanga lawo lokusebenza elilungile. Inzuzo yokuphepha ye-LFP isho ukuthi imiphumela yokwehluleka ukupholisa inenhlekelele encane - hhayi ukuthi ungakwazi ukweqa ukupholisa. Ukukhetha kwekhemistri kuthinta usayizi nomkhawulo wokuphepha, hhayi isidingo esibalulekile sokuphathwa kwezinga lokushisa.
Ngingakwazi ukuqala ngokupholisa umoya futhi ngithuthukise kamuva?
Ngobuchwepheshe yebo, kunzima ngempela. Ukulungisa kabusha ukupholisa uketshezi esitsheni{1}}esipholile kusho ukuklama kabusha isakhiwo serack, ukungeza ama-plumbing run, ukufaka i-chiller, kanye nokulinganisa kabusha i-BMS. Ezimweni eziningi izindleko nesikhathi sokuphumula singaphezu kwalokho obungakusebenzisa ucacisa ukupholisa uketshezi kusukela ekuqaleni. Uma kunethuba lokuthi iphrofayela yakho yokugibela ibhayisikili noma isu lemali engenayo lizoqina empilweni yesistimu, cacisa isistimu yokushisa yokuphela kwegeyimu, hhayi isimo sokuqala. EyethuUkwehlukaniswa kwezindleko ze-BESSi-athikili ihlanganisa indlela yokwenza isabelomali salokhu kusengaphambili ngendlela efanele.