Ngaphandle,-isistimu enkulu yokugcina amandla ebhethri (i-BESS) ibukeka icishe ibe yisicefe: imigqa yeziqukathi, i-transformer pad, igceke elibiyelwe. Ukuthi lelo gceke lizuza imali yini iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu ezayo noma liphenduka{2}}isikweletu esihamba kancane, noma kunjalo, ngokuvamile sinqunywa isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba noma yisiphi isiqukathi sifike kusayithi - ezinqumweni zokulinganisa, isicelo sokuxhumanisa, kanye nokuphrinta kahle kwewaranti.
Iningi lezethulo zensiza-yesitoreji sesikali zima ekufakeni kuhlu izingxenye. Lokho kuhle ekufundweni kokuqala, futhi akunalo usizo olungako uma ugqolozele ucwaningo olungenzeka uzama ukunquma phakathi-kwesistimu yamahora amabili-amahora amane, noma uzibuza ukuthi kungani uhlelo lokusebenza lokuxhumanisa luhlezi kulayini iminyaka emibili. Lo mhlahlandlela ubhalelwe leso simo sesibili: ukuthi iyini i-BESS enkulu ngempela, ukuthi usayizi nobude bulolonga kanjani kabusha udaba lwebhizinisi, ukuthi igridi ihlanganisa ini ngempela, ukuthi imali iya kuphi nokuthi ibuyaphi, kanye namaphutha avela kaningi kumaphrojekthi angasebenzi kahle.
Yini Enkulu-Isikali BESS, Ngempela?
-Isikali se-BESS esikhulu isistimu yesitoreji sebhethri eyakhelwe kugridi nomaisikali sosizo- ngokuvamile ilinganiselwe ngama-megawatts (MW) wamandla kanye nama-megawatt-amahora (MWh) wamandla - futhi ixhunywe ohlangothini lwenethiwekhi, noma eduze kwejeneretha enkulu noma umthwalo wemboni, kunokuhlala ngemva kwemitha yebhilidi elilodwa.
Okuyihlukanisa nesistimu encane yokuhweba akuwona usayizi kuphela. I-BESS enkulu-ithathwa njengempahla yegridi ethunyelwayo: okuthile okulindeleke ukuthi kuphendule kumasignali amanani, igridi{2}}ziyalezo zomqhubi, noma iphrofayela yesizukulwane, futhi iqhubeke isebenza ngezinga lenkontileka iminyaka eyishumi noma ngaphezulu.
Amaphuzu okuxhumana ajwayelekile afaka:
- Isiteshi esincane sokudlulisa noma sokusabalalisa, njengempahla yokugcina ezimele
- Ipulazi lelanga, labelana ngendawo efanayo yokuxhumana endaweni-esendaweni noma ye-DC{1}}ehlanganisiwe yokucushwa.
- Ipulazi lomoya, ukukhishwa okushelelayo kanye nokuguqula amandla kumahora-enani aphezulu
- Indawo enkulu yezimboni noma ipaki yamandla, elawula izindleko zokufunwa nokuthembeka
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zilandela endaweni yokuxhuma: i-arbitrage yamandla, impendulo yemvamisa kanye nezinye-izinsizakalo zokuzinza, ukuhlinzekwa kwamandla, ukuqinisa okuvuselelekayo, ukunciphisa ukuncishiswa, ukukhulula ukuminyana, namandla ayisipele emithwalo ebalulekile.
Ngaphakathi Kwesistimu: Izingxenye Eziyinhloko Zokusetshenziswa-Isitoreji Sesikali
Indlela yokusebenza ilula ukuyibeka: isistimu iyashaja uma ugesi uwuningi noma ushibhile futhi uphuma uma uyivela kancane noma ubiza. Okwenza lokhu kube nzima esikalini ukuthi isistimu ivamise ukulinganisa amasiginali ambalwa ngesikhathi esisodwa - izibikezelo zentengo ye-wholesale, izintengo zemakethe ezihambisanayo, -iziqondiso zokuthunyelwa komsebenzisi, izibopho zenkontileka, kanye nemikhawulo yayo yezindleko kanye nokuwohloka. Ibhethri eliphuma ngesikhathi esingalungile alimane liphuthelwe yithuba lemali engenayo; ingase ingabi namandla anele asele ukuze ihlangabezane nesibopho somthamo ngemva kwehora.
Iizingxenye eziyisishiyagalombili ezibalulekileokwenza lokhu kwenzeke akukona ukukhetha kwedizayini ezimele - ngayinye icindezela abanye:
| Isakhi | Umsebenzi | Kungani kubalulekile ngezinga |
|---|---|---|
| Amamojula ebhethri nama-racks | Gcina amandla e-electrochemically | Ikhemikhali yeseli namazinga okuwohloka kokushayela kwekhwalithi kanye nemibandela yewaranti |
| Uhlelo Lokuphatha Ibhethri (BMS) | Iseli-lokuqapha izinga, ukulinganisa, ukuvikela | Umugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela ezenzakalweni ezishisayo |
| Isistimu Yokuguqula Amandla (PCS) | Iguqula i-DC ibe yi-AC futhi ibuye | Inquma ukuthobela{0}ikhodi yegridi nesivinini sokuphendula |
| I-Transformer ne-switchgear | Isinyathelo se-Voltage{0}}phezulu kanye nokuhlukaniswa | Izinto zesikhathi eside-ezihamba phambili; ngokuvamile ishejuli ihluleka |
| Uhlelo Lokuphatha Amandla (EMS) | Inquma ukuthi uzoshajwa nini futhi ukhiphe nini | Inquma ngokuqondile ukuthi ingakanani imali engenayo ethathwa yimpahla |
| I-SCADA nezokuxhumana | Ukuqapha, i-telemetry, isikhombimsebenzisi somsebenzisi | Iyadingeka ukuze kubambe iqhaza emakethe kanye nokuthobela igridi |
| Ukuphatha okushisayo | Ukupholisa umoya noma uketshezi | Ithinta ukusebenza kahle, izinga lokuwohloka, nomthwalo osizayo |
| Ukutholwa komlilo nokucindezelwa | Ukuphepha nokuhambisana | Ngokuvamile isango elivumelayo, hhayi isengezo sokuzithandela{0}} |
Isicelo esiphezulu-sezinga eliphezulu sibophezela ukuthi ikhemistri nedizayini yokupholisa izosebenza. Igridi{{2}izimfuneko zekhodi zicindezela i-PCS. Izidingo{{4}zekhodi yomlilo zicindezela ukwakheka kwesayithi, okubuye kuvimbele ukuthi ungakanani umthamo olingana nomhlaba otholakalayo. Dizayina ingxenye eyodwa ngokuzihlukanisa kanti ezinye zivame ukuhlehla.
I-MW vs. MWh: Kungani Ubude Besikhathi Bunquma Cishe Yonke Into
Leli iphuzu elilodwa elivame kakhulu lokudideka-ezingxoxweni zesiteji ezimayelana nosayizi wesitoreji - kanye nalelo elinemiphumela emikhulu yezezimali.
MWamandla: ungakanani ugesi uhlelo olungaletha nganoma isiphi isikhathi.MWhamandla: ukuthi ingaletha malini isiyonke ngaphambi kokuthi ishajwe kabusha. Hlukanisa amandla ngamandla futhi uthola ubude besikhathi. Isistimu engu-100 MW / 400 MWh iyisistimu-yamahora amane - ingabamba u-100 MW okukhiphayo cishe amahora amane ngaphambi kokuthi ingabi nalutho. Uhlelo lwe-100 MW / 200 MWh lunamandla afanayo asheshayo kanye nengxenye yokubekezela.
-ukusebenza kahle kohambo olujikelezayo, imithwalo eyinsalela, kanye nokujula-ko{2}}kwemikhawulo yokukhishwa kusho ukuthi ubude besikhathi obusebenzisekayo buhamba ngaphansi kancane kwe-nameplate arithmetic. Amamodeli ezezimali kufanele akhelwe phezu kwamandla asebenzisekayo, hhayi umthamo we-nameplate.
| Ubude besikhathi | Ifaneleka kakhulu | Iphrofayili yezindleko | Izici zemali engenayo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ngaphansi kwehora elingu-1 | Ukusabela kwemvamisa esheshayo, izinsizakalo zokuzinza kwegridi | Izindleko zamandla eziphansi kakhulu nge-MW ngayinye | Inani eliphakeme nge-MWh ngayinye, kodwa izimakethe ezincane nezigcwele kalula |
| Amahora angu-1-2 | Ukulawulwa kwemvamisa, ukushefa okuphezulu okufushane, i-arbitrage ethile | Kuphakathi | Kuya kakhulu ngokuthi ijule kangakanani imakethe yendawo eyinsiza |
| 3-4 amahora | Ukushintsha kwesiqongo sakusihlwa, izimakethe zamandla, ukuqinisa ilanga | Izindleko zamandla aphezulu nge-MW ngayinye | Ukufinyelela okubanzi kukho kokubili umthamo kanye nemali engenayo ye-arbitrage |
| Amahora angu-6-8+ | Ukushintsha amandla ajulile, ukuqinisa{0}}amahora amaningi okuvuselelekayo | Izindleko ezifakiwe eziphezulu kakhulu | Kuthethelelwe ikakhulukazi lapho ukusabalala kwentengo kubanzi noma imithetho yekhono ikudinga |
Zimbili izinto ezilandela kulokhu. Ubude besikhathi kufanele buphume ekuhlaziyweni kwemali engenayo, hhayi ngenye indlela - isistimu yamahora amane{2}}enengqondo lapho imakethe yamandla yasendaweni idinga amahora amane ukuze izuze ikhredithi egcwele, futhi ingaphezu{3}}yakhiwe futhi ingaphansi{4}}iholo{4}}emakethe lapho impendulo esheshayo kuphela iwuketshezi lwangempela.
Okwesibili ukuthi izidingo zesikhathi ziyahamba. Njengoba ukungena kwesitoreji kusistimu ethile kukhula, ikhredithi yomthamo ekhuphukayo ibhethri elitholwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ivamise ukuncipha - iphethiniI-NREL's Storage Futures Studykanye nocwaningo oluhlobene-nokwanela lulandelele njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwesitoreji kwenyuke ezimakethe zonkana zase-US, ngamasistimu amade{3}}esikhathi ngokuvamile agcina inani lazo lomthamo njengoba ukungena kukhula. Uma imodeli yephrojekthi incike emalini engenayo yamandla, kufanelekile ukucindezelwa{5}}ukuhlola ukuthi kwenzekani uma ubude besikhathi obufanelekile buba buba phakathi nempilo yokusebenza kwempahla, nokuthi ingabe ukukhulisa kungavala lelo gebe ngaphandle kokwakhiwa kabusha okugcwele.
Ukukhetha I-Battery Chemistry Yegridi-Scale Projects
Isitoreji esisetshenziswayo esiningi-namuhla sisebenzisa i-lithium iron phosphate (LFP), ene-nickel-i-manganese-i-cobalt (NMC) kanye, ngokwandayo, amakhemikhali e-sodium{3}}e-ion nawo akhona emakethe. Kuyafaneleka ukukhetha ngamabomu kunokuzenzakalela.
| Isici | I-LFP | I-NMC |
|---|---|---|
| Ukuminyana kwamandla | Okuphansi - kudinga isikhala esengeziwe se-MWh efanayo | Izinyathelo eziphakeme - eziminyene kakhulu |
| Ukuzinza okushisayo | Ngokuvamile kuyabekezelela, ukufudumala okuphezulu-ukuqala kokubaleka | Idinga idizayini elondoloza kakhulu eshisayo neyomlilo |
| Impilo yomjikelezo | Iqinile ngokujwayelekile ukuhamba ngebhayisikili nsuku zonke | Kuhle, kodwa kuvame ukuzwela kakhulu ekujuleni, nokuhamba ngebhayisikili njalo |
| I-trajectory yezindleko | Okuvelele endaweni yokugcina umile; izinzuzo esikalini | Okuningi okuhlobene nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuhamba |
| Ukuchayeka kokubalulekile | Ayikho i-cobalt noma i-nickel | Kuvezwe ekunikezelweni kwe-cobalt ne-nickel kanye nengcuphe yentengo |
Emaphrojekthini amaningi amile ahamba ngebhayisikili kanye noma kabili ngosuku ngaphandle kwemingcele enzima yomhlaba, i-LFP iyinketho evamile - kakhulu ngenxa yokuziphatha kwayo okushisayo nempilo yomjikelezo. I-NMC isazuza indawo yayoamasistimu aneziqukathilapho yonke imitha yesikwele yendawo yegceke iyindlala ngempela.
I-Chemistry, nokho, akuwona umbuzo ogcina ubaluleke kakhulu. Lokho iwaranti ekuqinisekisayo empeleni. Amasistimu amabili anezincazelo ezifanayo ze-nameplate angathwala ukuphela okuqinisekisiwe okuhluke kakhulu-ko{3}}komthamo wempilo, izibonelelo ezihlukene zomjikelezo, nezimo ezihlukene ezivala ukufakwa. Funda amadokhumenti ewaranti umugqa ngomugqa ngaphambi kokuqhathanisa izintengo zesihloko.
Uxhumo Lwegridi: Isigaba Iningi Lemiklamo Ayibukelwanga Phansi
Amaphrojekthi amakhulu-esikali se-BESS abambezelekile noma ayekwa ngenxa yokuxhumana kunanoma yini ephathelene namabhethri ngokwawo.
Ngokuya ngendawo yokulawula kanye nokuxhumeka kwamandla kagesi, insiza noma u-opharetha wesistimu uzodinga inhlanganisela yalokhu:
- Ukugeleza kokulayisha kanye nezifundo ezizinzile-zezifundazwe - ingabe inethiwekhi ingasingatha umjovo nokuhoxiswa ngalesi sikhathi?
- Izifundo-zesifunda ezimfushane - ingabe okungeziwe kuyawacindezela amazinga amaphutha ngaphezu kwezilinganiso zesisetshenziswa esikhona?
- Ukuxhumanisa ukuvikela - ingabe izikimu zokuvikela ezikhona zisasebenza ngendlela efanele?
- I-Harmonic namandla-ukuhlaziya ikhwalithi, njengoba izinsiza ezisekelwe ku-inverter{1}zethula ama-harmonics adinga ukuhlala ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo
- Izifundo ezinamandla nokuzinza, ngokuvamile ezidingeka kuma-voltage aphezulu namandla amakhulu
- Amandla asebenzayo kanye negridi-ukuthobela amakhodi, ukumboza ukuhamba kwe-voltage{1}}ngokusebenzisa amandla namandla okusebenza
Noma yiziphi zalezi zifundo zingaqalisa-imfuneko yokuthuthukisa inethiwekhi, futhi lezo zindleko ngokuvamile zifika kunjiniyela - ngezinye izikhathi ezishintsha umnotho wamaphrojekthi ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo phakathi kocwaningo lokunokwenzeka lokuqala nokuvalwa kwezezimali.
Izikhathi zesikhathi ziyahlukahluka kakhulu ngokwemakethe, futhi kufanelekile ukuphatha lokho kwehluka njengokufakiwe kokuhlela kunokucabangela kamuva.Izifundo zokuxhumanaezingeni lokusabalalisa ngezinye izikhathi kungacaca ezinyangeni; kumanethiwekhi okudlulisela aminyene, isithombe sibukeka sihluke kakhulu. Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryKufakwe kulayiniukulandelelwa kolayini bokuxhumana base-US kuthole ukuthi isikhathi esimaphakathi kusukela ekucelweni kokuxhumana kuya ekusebenzeni kwezentengiselwano manje sekuyiminyaka emihlanu edlule kumaphrojekthi amaningi afinyelela ekuphothulweni, kanye nedlanzana lamaphrojekthi afakwe kulayini ekugcineni ayakhiwa. Isayithi elinombono olinganiselwe wemali engenayo kanye noxhumo olusheshayo, olungabizi luvamise ukuhlula isayithi elinamathuba amahle kakhulu emali engenayo kanye{3}nomugqa weminyaka emihlanu ngemuva kwayo.
Izinto ezintathu zisiza ukuphatha leyo ngozi kusenesikhathi: hlola ulayini oshicilelwe kanye nesimo sokucubungula senethiwekhi eqondiwe ngaphambi kokuzibophezela kusayithi; bheka lapho isitoreji sesivele sixhumeke khona eduze, njengoba ingxenye-esifakiwe kakade ingase ibe ne-headroom encane noma ingase ibe nokuthuthuka okudingekayo; futhi ubeke intengo yengozi yokuthuthukisa ngokucacile, ukuthwala izimo eziphuthumayo ukuze kuqiniswe esikhundleni sokuthatha isimo esingcono kakhulu.
Yeka Okukhulu-Isikali BESS Esibizayo Empeleni
Ibhethri ngokwalo liyinto enkulu yomugqa owodwa, kodwa ngokuvamile lingaphansi kwesamba esiphelele. A namaqinisoukwehlukaniswa kwezindlekoinezendlalelo ezine:
Izisetshenziswa- amamojula ebhethri, ama-racks noma iziqukathi, i-PCS, ama-transformer, i-medium-voltage switchgear, i-cabling, i-HVAC noma ukupholisa uketshezi, ukutholwa nokucindezela umlilo, ihadiwe ye-EMS ne-SCADA, ukulinganisa, amandla asizayo, nokuphepha kwesayithi.
Ibhalansi yezitshalo nokwakhiwa- ukutholwa komhlaba noma ukuqashiswa, imisebenzi yomphakathi, izisekelo, ukuthuthwa kwamanzi, imigwaqo yokufinyelela, uthango, i-cable trenching, kanye nobunjiniyela bosonkontileka be-EPC kanye nobubanzi bokufaka.
Ukuxhumeka kwegridi nezindleko ezithambile- izindleko zesicelo sokuxhumanisa, izifundo zenethiwekhi, noma yikuphi ukuqinisa okudingekile, izimvume, ukuhlolwa kwemvelo, umthetho, umshwalense, izindleko zezimali, kanye nokuhlolwa kokugunyazwa nokuhambisana.
Izindleko zokuphila konke- ukusebenza nokunakekelwa, iwaranti nezivumelwano zesevisi, ukuvuselelwa komshwalense, izingxenye eziyisipele, ukulayisensa kwesofthiwe, izinkokhelo zokubamba iqhaza kwemakethe, nokwandisa: ukungeza umthamo kamuva ukuze unciphise ukuwohloka.
Ubude besikhathi buhambisa inombolo kakhulu, njengoba umthamo wamandla ukala ingxenye enkulu yezindleko cishe ngokulandelana - ukusuka emahoreni amabili ukuya kwamane akuphindi isamba sezindleko zephrojekthi, kodwa kuyihambisa kakhulu. Ukuqinisa inethiwekhi kuyinto ebanzi{2}}yomugqa wokuhluka kuyo yonke imodeli: iphrojekthi edinga ukunwetshwa kwesiteshi esincane, ngokwezimali, iphrojekthi ehlukile. Izimo zesayithi, izimfuneko zegridi{4}zekhodi nokuphepha, kanye nesu lokwandisa elikhethwe ngaphambili konke kwengeza noma konga imali ngezindlela ezingavamile ukuvela kusicaphuni sokuqala semishini.
Iphutha elivamile ukuqhathanisa izingcaphuno zabahlinzeki nge-$/kWh kuphela. Izingcaphuno ezimbili ezifanayo $/kWh zingasho izindleko eziphelele ezihluke kakhulu uma imingcele yobubanzi, imigomo yesiqinisekiso, namasistimu asizayo adingekayo empeleni kuqhathaniswa umugqa ngomugqa.
Indlela Esetshenziswayo-Yenza Kala Kanjani Amaphrojekthi we-BESS Enza Imali
Imali engenayo yesilinganiso esikhulu-se-BESS ivamise ukuvela emixubeni ethile ye-arbitrage yamandla, izinsiza ezihambisanayo, izinkokhelo zamandla, ukuqinisa okuvuselelekayo nokuncishiswa kokunciphisa, ukukhulula ukuminyana noma ukuhlehliswa kwenethiwekhi, nezinhlelo zokukhokhelwa kwenkontileka.
Ukuhlanganisa okumbalwa kwalokhu - ukunqwabelana kwemali engenayo - kuyindlela amaphrojekthi amaningi abathengisi afinyelela ngayo imbuyiselo ebonakalayo. Iphinde imodelwe ngendlela enethemba kakhulu, ngenxa yezizathu ezintathu. Isimo sokushajwa esiphethe ibhethri ngesibopho sokugodla asikhululekile ukungqubuzana nalawo mandla ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngakho-ke ubuningi bethiyori obuvela ezimakethe ezahlukene ngeke bufungqwe. Ukunqwabelanisa okunamandla kwandisa umthamo, okusheshisa ukuwohloka futhi kungephula isibonelelo somjikelezo esibhalwe kuwaranti. Futhi izimakethe ezisizayo zincane uma kuqhathaniswa nezimakethe zamandla - njengoba kungena isitoreji esiningi, izintengo kulezo zimakethe ezinciphile ziminyanisa, iphethini esivele ibonakala ezimakethe ezimbalwa zesitoreji njengoba ukuthunyelwa kukhula.
Indlela enokwethenjelwa iwukuba imodeli yemali engenayo ngokulingisa okuthunyelwayo ohlonipha isimo senkokhiso, imikhawulo yomjikelezo, nemithetho yokufaneleka yemakethe - hhayi ngokungeza ama-avareji emakethe ahlukene futhi ngethemba ukuthi izingqinamba zizozixazulula ngokwazo.
Yini Empeleni Eshayela Ngokuqinile Iyabuya
Ngokulandelana kokuthola amandla, lezi yiziguquko ezinquma ukuthi imbuyiselo yephrojekthi imile yini:
Ukusabalala kwentengo okutholiwe.Igebe phakathi kwezintengo zokukhokhiswa nezokukhipha, ingqikithi-yempumelelo yohambo lokuya nokubuya, iyinjini yemali engenayo yomthengisi. Ihlole ngokuqhathanisa nedatha yentengo yomlando yenodi ethile, hhayi isilinganiso sikazwelonke.
Isamba sezindleko ezifakiwe, okuhlanganisa ukuxhumana.Ulayini wokuqinisa-wenethiwekhi yilapho amamodeli avame ukuphuka khona, njengoba kuveziwe ngenhla.
Ukutholakala.Imali engenayo igxila enanini elincane lamahora-enani eliphakeme, ngakho ukungaxhumeki ku-inthanethi phakathi nawo kubiza ngokungenakulinganiswa - okwenza i-O&M ibe ikhwalithi kanye nezikhawu zokuhlela isinqumo sezezimali, hhayi nje esobuchwepheshe.
Ukucekelwa phansi kanye nohlelo lokwengeza.Amandla ayafiphala ngokusetshenziswa nobudala. Imodeli ethatha umthamo we-nameplate ngonyaka weshumi ayiyona imodeli ngempela.
Ukusebenza kahle kohambo-lokubuya.Iphesenti ngalinye lephoyinti liyintela engunaphakade kuwo wonke umjikelezo wempilo yempahla. Qhathanisa i-AC-ne-ukusebenza kahle kwe-AC endaweni yokuxhumana, okuhlanganisa imithwalo eyisiza, kune-DC-ku-DC endaweni yokubeka.
Isakhiwo senkontileka.Isivumelwano sokukhokhiswa kwentela sihwebelana ngenzuzo yebhange; ukuchayeka komthengisi kwenza okuphambene. Okukhethayo kuya ngezimo zezimali, hhayi lapho kukhiqiza i-IRR yesihloko esiphezulu.
Ukuphepha Nokuthobela Akukona Okwengeziwe Ongakukhetha
Kulesi sikali, ukuphepha kusebenza njengesango elivumelayo, umbandela womshwalense, kanye nesimo sezimali - hhayi esobunjiniyela kuphela.
Izinto ezibalulekile ziwukuvimbela (ikhwalithi yeseli, idizayini ye-BMS, ukuphathwa kokushisa, ukuvikelwa ekukhokhisweni{0}}ngaphezu{0}}kwezinga lokushisa), ukutholwa (igesi, intuthu, nokuzwa okushisayo ngokuqapha okuqhubekayo okukude), ukuqukatha (isikhala sesitsha, ukuvuleka umoya, isakhiwo esikhawulela ukusabalala phakathi kwamayunithi), kanye nempendulo (ukucindezela okuvunyelweneyo ngosayizi wohlelo lokusebenza, icebo lokucima umlilo elivunyelweneyo, uhlelo lokusebenza lomlilo oluvaliwe igunya).
Izindinganiso ezimbili ziphakamisa kakhulu eNyakatho Melika.I-NFPA 855isetha ukufakwa, isikhala, kanye{0}}nezidingo zokuvikela umlilo kumasistimu esitoreji anganyakazi, futhi izinhlelo zayo zakamuva zigcizelele{1}}izinga elikhulu lokuhlola umlilo nokulawula ukuqhuma.I-UL 9540Aindlela yokuhlola engumngane esetshenziselwa ukuhlola indlela isistimu eziphatha ngayo lapho iphushelwa ekubalekeni okushisayo, isebenza ngeseli, imojula, iyunithi, kanye nokuhlola{0}}kweleveli yokufaka ukuze kutholwe ukuthi ingabe idizayini iqukethe ngempela ukwehluleka. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezingakahlolisiswa ngazo zombili zivame ukungena ezinkingeni zokuvumela sekwephuzile, lapho ukudizayina kabusha kubiza. IyaqinisekisaIsitifiketi se-ULisimo kufanelekile ukwenziwa ngaphambi, hhayi ngemva, ukukhetha imishini.
Ukuxhumana nabaphathi bendawo yokucima umlilo kusenesikhathi - ngesikhathi kwenzeka, hhayi ngokuvumela - kungesinye sezinyathelo zokunciphisa ingozi eshibhe{2}}etholakalayo. Izimfuneko ziyahlukahluka kakhulu phakathi kwezindawo, futhi ukushintshwa kwesiteji-kwakamuva kwesikhala noma ukucindezelwa kungaphoqa ukuklanywa kabusha kwesakhiwo sonke sesayithi.
Amaphutha Asusa Igridi-Akala Amaphrojekthi Ebhethri
- Ukulinganisa ngaphambi kokuba imodeli yebhizinisi ibe khona.Ukuzinza "ku-100 MW / 400 MWh" bese ubheka imali engenayo ukuze ithethelele, esikhundleni sokuthola amandla nobude besikhathi ezimakethe ezitholakala ngempela kuleyo nodi.
- Ukuphatha ukuxhumana njengamaphepha.Iyingxenye ephezulu-yokwehluka kukho kokubili ishejuli nezindleko, futhi amaphrojekthi ayithatha njengokuphatha athola inkinga sekwephuze kakhulu ukuthi angashintsha isayithi.
- Ukumodela ukwehlisa isithunzi njengokucatshangelwa kwamuva.Uma sithatha umthamo ozinzile, noma ukusebenzisa iphesenti lonyaka eliphansi elingabonisi iphrofayela yangempela yokugibela amabhayisikili, kukhiqiza imbuyiselo engabonakali.
- Ukuqhathanisa abahlinzeki ngenani nge-kWh ngayinye.Ngaphandle kobubanzi obujwayelekile, imigomo yesiqinisekiso, ukuphela okuqinisekisiwe-komthamo wempilo-, kanye nemvume yomjikelezo, ukuqhathanisa akusho okuningi.
- Ukupakisha imali engenayo ephepheni elingakwazi ukunqwabelaniswa lisebenza.Ukufinyeza okumaphakathi kwemakethe ngaphandle kwezingqinamba zokuthunyelwa kuyindlela evame kakhulu imodeli eyeqisayo ebuya ngayo.
- Ukuklama isayithi ngaphambi kokuqinisekisa izidingo zomlilo nezikhala.Izinguquko ezingemuva kwesikhathi kumabanga okuhlukaniswa zinganciphisa umthamo osebenzisekayo noma ziphoqelele isakhiwo esisha.
- Ukuziba umthwalo osizayo.Ukupholisa, i-HVAC, nezilawuli zidonsa amandla ngokuqhubekayo - ekusakazweni okuncane kwe-arbitrage, lokho akulona iphutha lokusondeza.
- Ayikho indlela yokwandisa.Ukweqa indawo egodliwe, amandla kagesi, noma ukuhlinzekwa kwenkontileka yokwandisa kuphoqa isinqumo esibi kakhulu onyakeni wesikhombisa.
- Ilinganisa kancane i-O&M kanye-nopelepele omude.Ukwehluleka kwe-transformer ngaphandle kwesu eliyisipele kungasho izinyanga zemali engenayo elahlekile.
- Ukweqa{0}ukubuyekezwa kwekhodi yegridi ngaphambi kokukhetha isisetshenziswa.Ukuthola ngemva kokuthengwa kwempahla ukuthi i-PCS ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana-nokugibela noma imfuneko esebenzayo kuyabiza futhi kuyashesha ukulungisa.
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Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Q: Iyini I-Scale BESS-enkulu?
A: -Isikali se-BESS esikhulu isistimu yokugcina ibhethri eyakhiwe ngegridi noma isikali sokusetshenziswa, esilinganiselwe ngamamegawathi wamandla kanye-namahora angu-megawatt{1}}amandla. Uxhumeka esiteshini esincane, embonini evuselelekayo, noma indawo yezimboni enkulu, egcina ugesi lapho ugesi uphezulu noma amanani entengo ephansi futhi iwukhiphe lapho isidingo noma amanani enyuka.
Q: Uyini Umehluko Phakathi kwe-MW kanye ne-MWh?
IMP: I-MW ikala amandla - ukuthi ungakanani ugesi uhlelo olungaletha ngesikhathi esisodwa. I-MWh ikala amandla - ukuthi angalethela angakanani esewonke. Ukwehlukanisa amandla ngamandla kunikeza ubude besikhathi: isistimu engu-100 MW / 400 MWh iyisistimu-yamahora amane.
Q: Yisiphi Isikhathi Okufanele Ibe I-BESS Enkulu-Isikali?
IMP: Ayikho impendulo ejwayelekile; kufanele ithathwe ekuhlaziyweni kwemali engenayo endaweni ethile yokuxhumana. Amasistimu-obude besikhathi esifushane afanelana nezinsizakalo zegridi esheshayo,{2}}amasistimu amahora amabili afanelana nemvamisa kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziphakeme kakhulu, kanye{3}}nezinhlelo zamahora amane noma amade zifanelana nezimakethe zamanani kanye noshintsho oluphakeme kusihlwa. Hlola ubude besikhathi esidingekayo ukuze uthole umthamo emakethe eqondiwe, futhi ucabange ukuthi leyo mfuneko ingase inwebe yini esikhathini sempilo yempahla.
Q: Ithatha Isikhathi Esingakanani-Iphrojekthi Yesikali ye-BESS Ukuze Ithuthukiswe?
IMP: Iyahlukahluka kakhulu ngokwemakethe, futhi ukuxhumana cishe kuhlala kuyisigaba eside kakhulu. Ukwakhiwa ngokwakho kuvame ukuba ingxenye emfushane yomugqa wesikhathi ophelele uma kuqhathaniswa nezifundo zokuxhumanisa, izimvume, kanye nokuxhaswa ngezimali.
Q: Iyiphi Ikhemistry Yebhethri Esetshenziswa-Esikalini Sokulondolozwa?
IMP: I-LFP iyinketho evamile kumaphrojekthi amaningi amile, ikakhulukazi ngokuziphatha kwayo okushisayo nempilo yomjikelezo. I-NMC ihlala ibalulekile lapho unyawo lubambekile, futhi kuvela i-sodium-ion. Ngalé kwe-chemistry, ukuphela okuqinisekisiwe-ko{4}}komthamo wempilo kanye nesibonelelo somjikelezo esiwarantini ngokuvamile kubaluleke ngaphezu kwelebula yekhemistri.
Q: I-BESS Enkulu-Iyenza Kanjani Imali?
IMP: Ngokusebenzisa i-arbitrage yamandla, izinsiza ezihambisanayo, izinkokhelo zamandla, ukuqinisa okuvuselelekayo, ukuncishiswa kokunciphisa, amasevisi enethiwekhi, noma ukukhokhelwa kwenkontileka. Amaphrojekthi amaningi omthengisi ahlanganisa amaningana, kodwa isimo senkokhiso, imikhawulo yomjikelezo, nemithetho yokufaneleka yemakethe isho ukuthi lokhu kusakazwa akukwazi ukuvele kwengezwe ndawonye.
Q: Kuyini Ukwengezwa Kwebhethri?
A: Ukwengeza kusho ukungeza umthamo webhethri phakathi nesikhathi sokusebenza kwempahla ukuze unciphise ukuwohloka nokubuyisela umthamo wamandla olinganiselwe. Amaphrojekthi anesibopho somthamo wesikhathi eside{1}}imvamisa ukuyihlelela kusukela ekuqaleni, ukugcina indawo ebonakalayo, amandla kagesi, kanye nesabelomali kunokuthatha njengezindleko zesikhathi esizayo ezingahleliwe.
Fingqa
Kuwo wonke amaphrojekthi amakhulu-esikali se-BESS aphumelele, iphethini ivamise ukuphinda: ithisisi yemali engenayo iza kuqala, indawo yokuxhumana iqinisekiswa kusenesikhathi, ubude besikhathi bulandela imakethe esikhundleni sokumaketha, futhi ukuwohloka nokuphepha kuklanywa esikhundleni sokutholwa kamuva.
Esigabeni sokuhlola, okokufaka okubili kuqeda amasayithi amaningi angenakusebenziseka kunanoma yiliphi inani lokuqhathaniswa kwesisetshenziswa - sedatha yentengo yomlando endaweni yekhandidethi, kanye nesimo samanje somugqa wokuxhumeka kuleyo nethiwekhi. Uma i-thesis yemali engenayo nendlela yokuxhumana isiqinisekisiwe, isinyathelo esilandelayo isibuyekezo esicacisiwe esibhekene nemikhiqizo yemakethe iphrojekthi ehlose ukuyinikeza, okulandelwa ukufana-njengokuqhathaniswa{3}}njengokuqhathaniswa komhlinzeki ngobubanzi, iwaranti, nokuphela okuqinisekisiwe{4}}ko{5}}komthamo wempilo kunentengo enkulu. Uma kungasiza ukuhamba ngosayizi kanye nezinketho zokuxhuma kusayithi elithile,khuluma nethimba lethu.