Ngisebenzise isikhathi esanele kumasistimu ebhethri yegridi ukwazi into eyodwa: abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi bayasiqonda isitoreji samandla ebhethri ngenxa nje yokuthi babukele ifoni yabo yehla isuka ku-40% yaya ku-1% emizuzwini eyishumi. Izinsiza-zezikali ziyisilwane esihluke ngokuphelele{4}esikhulu, esishisayo, esindayo, esinomsindo omkhulu, futhi esithethelela kancane kakhulu. Futhi ngokungafani nefoni, awukwazi ukuvele uyivale bese wethemba ukuthi inkinga izonyamalala.
Yini Eqhubekayo Ngaphakathi Kwekhemistry
Ibhethri, ngokuyisisekelo, isethi yezingxoxo zamakhemikhali phakathi kwama-ion okungahle kube kwenye indawo. Uma uyishaja, uphoqa lawo ma-ion endaweni engakhululekile,{1}}yamandla aphezulu. Ngesikhathi sokukhishwa, bashelela emuva lapho "bathanda" ukuba khona futhi bakhulule ama-electron endleleni.
Leso isithombe esiyisisekelo-kodwa amasistimu esitoreji samandla ebhethri legridi awanandaba nezincazelo eziyisisekelo. I-chemistry ibalulekile ngezindlela ezicasulayo, ezisebenzayo. I-Lithium-i-ion-ikakhulukazi i-LFP (i-lithium iron phosphate) kanye ne-NMC (i-nickel manganese cobalt){5}}ziwine eminyakeni edlule hhayi ngoba zaziphelele kodwa ngoba akukho okunye okwakungakwazi ukushaya inhlanganisela efanayo:
izindleko ezifanele
ukucekelwa phansi okubekezeleleka
ingozi eyamukelekayo
ukuphakama{0}}kwanele ngokwanele kwamandla
Ngaso sonke isikhathi uma othile ezama ukwenza lokhu kube lula kakhulu, ngicabanga ngesikhathi sokuqala lapho ngiqaqa irekhi ye-LFP ehlulekile. Ngisho nangemva kwezinkulungwane zemijikelezo, amangqamuzana ngamanye "ayengafi"; babefana nezisebenzi ezikhathele ezingenzi lutho. Lokho kuwukwehliswa kwesithunzi ngamafuphi.
Ingxenye Akekho Ojatshuliswa Ngayo: Ukuguqulwa kwamandla
Uma uke wama ngaphakathi kwegumbi le-inverter yesayithi yebhethri engu-50 MW, uyawazi umsindo engikhuluma ngawo-ojulile, ozinzile, futhi ongethuki kancane. Isistimu yokuguqula amandla (i-PCS) iyona eguqula i-DC egcinwe kumarack ebhethri ibe yi-AC igridi engayisebenzisa ngempela. Kulapho futhi u-10–15% wamandla akho enyamalala buthule ekushiseni, ukushintsha ukulahlekelwa, kanye nokungasebenzi kahle izincwajana zokumaketha kuvame ukukufihla.
Ukufanisa imvamisa yegridi engu-50/60 Hz, ukuphatha amandla asebenzayo, ukushintsha amamodi okusebenza-kuwumdanso wokuhlanganisa okwenzeka njalo ngesekhondi. Noma ubani othi "i-inverter nje" cishe akuzange kudingeke ukuthi axazulule eyodwa ngo-3 ekuseni ngesikhathi somcimbi wegridi.
Kungani i-Lithium-Ion isabusa
Abantu bathanda ukucabanga ngamakhemikhali angavamile-i-vanadium flow, i-zinc{1}}i-bromine, i-sodium, noma yikuphi ukukhishwa kwabezindaba okuthrendayo kulelo viki. Labo bayoba nendawo yabo. Kodwa imakethe yanamuhla yokugcina amandla ebhethri isebenza ku-LFP ngesizathu esisodwa esiyisicefe: iphephe ngokwanele futhi ishibhile ngokwanele ukuthunyelwa esitsheni ngaphandle kokunikeza umshwalense wakho isifo senhliziyo.
I-NMC inezinzuzo zayo (ukuminyana kwamandla ngokuyinhloko), kodwa kumasistimu amile, ukuminyana akuyona inkosi-ukuziphatha okuqagelayo ngaphansi kwezimo zokwehluleka. Akekho ofuna isigameko esishisayo esiphenduka iviki{2}}indaba ende yezindaba.
Futhi yebo, i-lithium supply volatility ingokoqobo. Yebo, i-geopolitics ibalulekile. Kepha onjiniyela baklama ngalokho okutholakalayo manje, hhayi lokho okungafinyeleleka ngo-2032.
Izinga lokushisa: Umenzi-wenkinga
Uma ufuna ukuqonda insiza-idizayini yebhethri yesikali, landela isistimu yokupholisa. Amabhethri awakuthandi ukushisa. Abathandi nokubanda. Futhi bazonda ngokuphelele izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwe-rack.
Ngolunye uvivinyo lwasehlobo eNingizimu-ntshonalanga, sithole ukuthi isistimu yokupholisa ibidla ngaphezu kuka-5% wesamba sokukhipha{1}ivele ilwa nokushisa okuzungezile ngaphambi kokuthi amabhethri aqale nokuletha amandla. Ukupholisa uketshezi okusebenzayo, ukupholisa okuphoqelelwe-ukupholisa komoya, isigaba{4}}ukushintsha amabhafa wezinto ezibonakalayo… yonke indlela iwukuvuma ukuthi ikhemistri ihlakaniphile kodwa inolaka.
Ukufaka Isitoreji Sebhethri Kugridi Akulula Njengokuxhuma Emgqeni Wamandla
Ukuhlanganiswa kwegridi kuyacaciswa kuma-athikili amaningi, kodwa yingxenye lapho amaphrojekthi ephumelela noma efa khona. Ukusabela kwemvamisa, i-voltage regulation, i-EMS/BMS coordination-konke kwenzeka njalo, nama-millisecond ukuphendula kanye nesikhala esincane kakhulu samaphutha.
Amabhethri angakhuphuka asuke kuziro aye ekukhipheni okugcwele ngokushesha kunanoma iyiphi i-peaker. Yingakho abaqhubi bezimoto bebathanda. Kodwa leso sivinini sisho ukuthi ama-algorithms akho okulawula adinga ukulindela ukuziphatha, hhayi nje ukusabela. Amanye amasistimu manje asebenzisa ukufunda komshini ukuze abikezele ukungalingani kwegridi-yize ngibone o-opharetha abangaphezu koyedwa bevuma buthule ukuthi basancamela iluphu ye-PID endala ukuze babikezeleke.
Lapho Izinto Zingase Ziqonde Khona
Abantu balokhu bethi{0}}amabhethri esimo esiqinile "ahambe iminyaka emihlanu." Bengilokhu ngikuzwa lokho kusukela ngo-2014, nakhu sesikhona. Isayensi enkulu, ukukhiqiza okunzima.
Okubonakala kunengqondo kakhulu ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo:
impilo yomjikelezo omude kancane
amaketanga okuhlinzeka ashibhe kancane
amakhemikhali aphephe kancane
ukuphathwa okungcono okushisayo
Akukho okumangalisayo, kodwa okwanele ukusunduza ubude bokukhishwa kusuka emahoreni angu-2-4 kuya emahoreni angu-6-10. Yilapho isitoreji samandla ebhethri siyeka khona ukuba insiza yegridi futhi siqala ukushintshwa{5}}ngokugcwele kwamasistimu athile{6}asekelwe ezinsalela.
Futhi kukhona-amabhethri e-EV empilo yesibili-lawo afanele ukunakwa. Iphakethe elinomthamo ongu-80% liyi-lousy emotweni kodwa lamukeleka ngokuphelele ukuthi ligcinwe endaweni emile. Ngizihlolile ezimbalwa mina. Zingcolile, azihambisani, kodwa ziyasebenza ngokumangalisayo uma zihlanganiswe nezilawuli ezifanele.
Izinselele Zangempela
1. Ukumodela kokwehlisa isithunzi kusewukuqagela.
Hhayi ukuqagela okuphelele, kodwa vala ngokwanele ngezinye izikhathi. Izinga lokushisa, iphethini yokugibela ibhayisikili, ukujula kokukhishwa, ukuguga kwekhalenda{1}}ziyasebenzisana ngezindlela okungekho zibalo ezilula ezithwebulayo.
2. Ingqalasizinda yokugaywa kabusha ayikalungi.
Sifaka i-gigawatt-amahora wamasistimu e-lithium njalo ngonyaka ngaphandle kwecebo elicacile legagasi lokuphela--lokuphila kwamabhethri azayo eminyakeni engu-10–15 kusukela manje.
3. Isoftware isibaluleke njengehardware.
Ukuqonda kwe-BMS, ama-algorithms okubikezela, amasu okulinganisa amaseli-uhhafu yenani lesistimu yesimanje yokugcina ibhethri uhlala kusofthiwe. Futhi isoftware iguga ngokushesha kunehadiwe.
Imicabango yokugcina
Isitoreji samandla ebhethri akuwona umlingo, futhi akulula. Izimiso eziyisisekelo ziyafana nanamuhla njengoba zazinjalo emashumini eminyaka adlule. Okushintshile ukuzimisela kwethu ukwakha amasistimu amakhulu, ukuwahlanganisa ngokujulile kugridi, futhi sakhe ingqalasizinda esekelayo ewazungezile. Ikhemistri ayilona impumelelo{3}}umkhakha wobunjiniyela owuzungezile.
Uma uke wadlula endaweni yokugcina ibhethri ivungama kakhulu, izifeni ezipholile eziqhumayo nama-inverter ashaya njengokushaya kwenhliziyo, uyazi: lobu buchwepheshe buyasebenza manje. Ayiphelele, kodwa ingokoqobo kakhulu.