Izitolo zamabhethriAmakhemikhali angaba namandla. Lawo mandla aphenduka abe ugesi kuphela lapho ibhethri lixhunywe kuyisekethe futhi ama-electron evunyelwe ukugeleza. Ngamanye amazwi, ibhethri elishajiwe alilona ithangi elincane likagesi elilindele ukuchitheka. Iphethe amandla kumabhondi amakhemikhali e-electrode yayo nezinto ze-electrolyte, futhi ikhipha lawo mandla njengamandla kagesi lapho kudingeka khona.
Ibhethri ligcina amandla angamakhemikhali, hhayi ugesi. Ikhiqiza amandla kagesi kuphela uma isifunda esivaliwe sivumela ama-electron ukuthi ahambe esuka kwelinye i-electrode aye kwelinye.
Izinto ezisebenzayo ngaphakathi kwebhethri zihlelwa ngendlela yokuthi kube nokusabela kwamakhemikhaliufunaukwenzeka kodwa ngeke, ngoba ukuphela kwendlela yama-electron ivinjiwe. Vala isekhethi, futhi ukusabela kuqhubeke: ama-electron ageleza ocingweni lwakho, futhi amandla amakhemikhali agcinwe ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo alethwa njengamandla kagesi. Ukukhipha imali kusebenzisa leyo khemistri; ukushaja ibhethri elishajekayo kuyakha kabusha.
Kuyasiza ukugcina amafomu amathathu ahlukene ahlukene, ngoba abantu bavame ukuwahlanganisa:
| Ifomu lamandla | Indima ebhethrini | Uma ukuqaphela |
|---|---|---|
| Amandla anamandla amakhemikhali | Igcinwe kumabhondi we-electrode nezinto ze-electrolyte | Ngenkathi ibhethri ihlezi ishajiwe, ilungele ukusetshenziswa |
| Amandla kagesi | Ikhiqizwa njengoba ama-electron ehamba ngesekethe yangaphandle | Kuphela ngenkathi ibhethri lishaja noma liphuma |
| Amandla ashisayo (ukushisa) | Umkhiqizo-wokumelana kwangaphakathi nokusabela okuncane okusemaceleni | Ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokushaja okusheshayo noma ukukhishwa okukhulu |
Ibhethri liwaguqula kanjani amandla amakhemikhali abe ugesi
Ukuguqulwa kuwukusabela kwe-electrochemical, ikakhulukazi i-anukunciphisa i-oxidation ({0}}i-redox)ukusabela kuhlukaniswa phakathi kwama-electrode amabili. Izincwadi zokufunda zamakhemikhali ziyichaza ngokuhlanzekile: esitokisini esinjengalesi,I-oxidation yenzeka ku-anode futhi ukuncipha kwenzeka ku-cathode, futhi amandla akhishwe yilokho kusabela okuzenzakalelayo yiwo ashayela amandla kusekethe.
Nali ukulandelana, kusetshenziswa iseli ye-lithium-ion njengesibonelo:
- Ku-anode (uhlangothi olubi), ama-athomu ayeka ama-electron. Kubhethri ye-lithium-ion, i-lithium ishiya i-graphite futhi iba i-lithium ion eshajwa kahle.
- Ngomjikelezo wangaphandle, lawo ma-electron akhululiwe ahambela ohlangothini oluhle, enika amandla noma yini enentambo phakathi, njengefoni yakho noma injini kagesi. Lokhu kugeleza kwe-electronkuyintoamandla kagesi.
- Ngaphakathi kwebhethri, i-lithium ion ihamba nge-electrolyte ibheke ku-cathode. I-electrolyte ivumela ama-ion adlule kodwa avimbe ama-electron, yingakho nje ama-electron ephoqeleka ukuthi athathe indlela ende ngocingo lwakho.
- Ku-cathode (uhlangothi oluhle), ama-electron afikayo ayamukelwa, ama-ion aphinde ahlangane, futhi iluphu iphelile.
UMnyango Wezamandla wase-US usebenzisa ukuqhathanisa okuwusizo kwezinombolo ezimbili abantu abazikhathalela kakhulu. Njengomchazi wayoukuthi amabhethri e-lithium{0}}asebenza kanjaniukubeka, ukuminyana kwamandla kufana nobukhulu bechibi, kuyilapho ukuminyana kwamandla kuyindlela yokuwakhipha ngokushesha. I-voltage ekhiqizwa yiseli, cishe engu-1.5 V kuseli ye-alkaline noma cishe u-3.7 V ngeseli ye-ion ye-lithium-, ivela emehlukweni wamandla amakhemikhali phakathi kwezinto ezimbili zama-electrode. Uma ufuna isithombe esigcwele sezingxenye ezihilelekile nokuthi zihlangana kanjani, bheka ukubuka kwethu konkeukuthi ibhethri yokugcina amandla isebenza kanjani.
Ukushaja kuvele kubuyisele emuva
Yilapho umqondo "wethangi likagesi" uhlukana khona ngempela. Ukushaja akuwutheli ugesi ebhethrini. Esikhundleni salokho, isebenzisa umthombo kagesi wangaphandle ukusunduza ukusabela emuva, yakhe kabusha inhlanganisela yamakhemikhali yasekuqaleni futhi ibuyisele amandla amakhemikhali agciniwe. Lokho kubuyiselwa emuva yikhona okuhlukanisa iseli elishajwayo kokusetshenziswa-okukodwa. Umjikelezo ngamunye nawo awuphelele kancane: inani elincane lekhemistri aliguquki ngokugcwele, izakhiwo ze-electrode ziyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi lokho kunqwabelana kancane yingakho ibhethri yefoni kancane kancane ilahlekelwa amandla ngemva kweminyaka embalwa.
Kungani amandla amakhemikhali kuyifomu amabhethri alisebenzisayo
Amandla anamandla ekhemikhali amandla agcinwe kumabhondi amangqamuzana, umqondo ofanayo obanzi ngemuva kwamandla kaphethiloli noma okhunini. Umehluko oyinhloko ukuthi ibhethri liguqula lawo mandlangqokugesi ngokusabela, ngaphandle kokuvutha futhi azikho izingxenye ezihambayo phakathi. Ungafunda kabanzi ngalesi sigaba sokugcina ku-primer yethu kuubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla amakhemikhali.
Ukugcina amandla kumabhondi amakhemikhali kuthenga amabhethri izinzuzo ezithile ezingokoqobo:
- Izinzile.Ngokungafani ne-capacitor eshajiweyo, evuzayo ngamahora, ikhemistri yebhethri ibamba amandla izinyanga ngemaphesenti ambalwa kuphela-okuzikhipha, kuye ngezinga lokushisa nesimo sokushajwa.
- Iminyene.Amaseli e-lithium-ion yesimanje apakisha amandla amaningi abe yinqwaba encane, engaphezulu kakhulu kunezinketho zemishini njengama-flywheels.
- Iyaphatheka futhi iyakaleka.Ikhemistri eyisisekelo efanayo isebenza kusukela-kuseli lenkinobho yosizo lokuzwa ukuya kugridi{1}}yokufakwa kwesikali; umane usebenzise izinto ezisebenzayo.
Izinhlobo zebhethri kanye nekhemistri engemuva kwazo
Wonke amabhethri alandela ikhemikhali efanayo-kuya{1}}kusimiso sikagesi, kodwa ukusabela okuthile kuyehluka, futhi yilokho okunikeza uhlobo ngalunye uhlamvu lwalo. Ithebula elingezansi liqhathanisa amakhemikhali avamile; ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe, bheka umhlahlandlela wethu kuizinhlobo ezahlukene zebhethri ezisetshenziselwa ukugcina amandla.
| Uhlobo lwebhethri | Iwagcina kanjani amandla | Iyashajwa kabusha? | Ukusetshenziswa okuvamile |
|---|---|---|---|
| I-Lithium-ion | I-Lithium ion shuttle phakathi kwama-electrode abamba amabili | Yebo | Amafoni, amakhompyutha aphathekayo, ama-EV, ukugcinwa kwegridi |
| -i-asidi yomthofu | Ukusabela phakathi komthofu, i-lead dioxide, ne-sulfuric acid | Yebo | Amabhethri esiqalisi semoto, amandla ayisipele |
| I-alkaline | Ukusabela kwe-zinc kanye ne-manganese dioxide | Cha (ukusetshenziswa{0}okukodwa) | Izilawuli kude, amathoshi, -imishini yokukhipha amanzi aphansi |
| I-sodium-ion | Ama-ion e-sodium ahamba phakathi kwama-electrode, afana ngomqondo ne-lithium-i-ion | Yebo | Abasafufusa; isitoreji esinganyakazi lapho isisindo sibaluleke kancane |
I-Lithium-ion ibusa izinto zikagesi eziphathwayo kanye nama-EV ngenxa yokuminyana kwayo okukhulu kwamandla; uma ufuna abangaphakathi, bona ukuthi iseli lakhiwe futhi lisebenza kanjani kumchazi wethu kuisakhiwo kanye nesimiso sokusebenza samabhethri e-lithium-eion. I-asidi-ye-lead, ehlehlela emuva ngo-1859, inzima futhi inamandla amancane{3}}iminyene kodwa ihlala ishibhile futhi ithembekile ekuqaliseni izimoto. Amaseli e-alkaline aphendula umbuzo abantu abaningi abawubuzayo:kungani ngingakwazi ukuvele ngishaje ibhethri elivamile le-AA?Ukusabela kwazo kwe-zinc ne-manganese dioxide akuhlehli emuva ngokuhlanzekile, ngakho ukuphoqa ukushaja kungavuza noma kuqhekeze iseli kunokuligcwalisa kabusha.
Yiziphi Izinhlobo Zamandla Ezikhona Ebhethrini?
Uma abantu bebheka izinhlobo zamandla ebhethri, ngokuvamile babuza ngezinto ezimbalwa ezihlukene ngesikhathi esisodwa: amandla agcinwe ngaphakathi kweseli, amandla adluliswa ngamatheminali, amandla aboshelwe ezindaweni ezishajwayo, namandla alahleka njengokushisa. Lawa mafomu ahlobene, kodwa adlala indima ehluke kakhulu.
Amandla asebenzisekayo ebhethri aphathwa cishe njengamandla angenawo amakhemikhali e-electrochemical. Amandla kagesi yiwo anqamula amatheminali kunoma iyiphi indlela. Amandla kagesi ahlangana ubuso akhona kuwo wonke ama-electrode kodwa anikela ngesabelo esinganakwa. Amandla ashisayo yilokho inqubo enikezela ngayo endleleni.
| Uhlobo lwamandla | Ekwenzayo | Igciniwe noma idlulisiwe? | Isabelo samandla aphelele |
|---|---|---|---|
| Electrochemical (amandla amakhemikhali) amandla | Isigcini samandla esisebenzisekayo seseli | Kugciniwe | Empeleni konke |
| Amandla kagesi | Ithwala amandla phakathi kweseli kanye nesekhethi yangaphandle | Kudlulisiwe | Akukho okugcinwe njengokugeleza kwamanje |
| I-interfacial electrostatic energy | Ukuhlukaniswa kweshaja kusingqimba sikagesi esiphindwe kabili ezindaweni zama-electrode | Yethula endaweni | Ingxenyana yephesenti |
| Amandla ashisayo | Ikhishwe noma imuncwe ngokumelana, i-polarization kanye ne-reaction entropy | Kuchithiwe noma kushintshiwe | Cishe igebe{0}}lohambo lokuya nokubuya |
Amandla E-Electrochemical: Ifomu Eligciniwe Eliyinhloko
Ukuthi ibhethri ligcina amandla amakhemikhali anamandla kunembile ngokwanele ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke. Isitatimende esinembe kakhudlwana ukuthi igcina amandla angenawo amakhemikhali e-electrochemical - umehluko kumandla amahhala e-Gibbs phakathi kwezimo ezishajwayo nezikhishiwe zezinto zayo ezisebenzayo.
Lowo mehluko usetha i-voltage yeseli ngqo:
ΔG=−nFE
I-ΔG iwushintsho lwama-Gibbs-amahhala, nama-moles ama-electron adluliswayo, i-F the Faraday constant, kanye no-E amandla kagesi. Ukusabela kokukhishwa okuzenzakalelayo kune-ΔG engalungile futhi kukhiqiza i-voltage ephozithivu.
Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba amandla awahlali kusibopho samakhemikhali esisodwa. Kuncike kulo lonke uhlelo: ukwakheka kwe-electrode nezinhlaka zekristalu, lapho kuhlala khona ama-ion, izimo ze-elekthronikhi zezinto zokwakha, kanye negebe phakathi kwezimo ezikhokhisiwe nezilahliwe. Kuseli ye-lithium-ye-ion, ukushaja kuphusha i-lithium ibe -enhlelweni yamandla aphezulu kuwo wonke ama-electrode amabili; Ukuyikhipha kuyivumela ukuthi ikhululeke iye kwevumelana ne-thermodynamically, futhi ingxenye yalokho kukhululwa kuyatholakala njengomsebenzi kagesi.
Amandla Kagesi: Adlulisiwe, Awakaze Agcinwe
Amandla kagesi akulona uhlobo lokugcina ngaphakathi kweseli. Kuyindlela amandla ayithathayo njengoba ewela amatheminali, futhi indlela yawo ihlehla kuye ngokuthi ibhethri lenzani.
Ngesikhathi sokukhipha, ukusabela kukhipha amandla mahhala futhi kugcine i-voltage kuwo wonke amatheminali; ukuthi ama-voltage drives charge ngokusebenzisa isekethe yangaphandle, futhi ibhethri linikeza amandla kagesi. Ngesikhathi sokushaja, umthombo wangaphandle usebenzisa i-voltage ephikisana nokusabela okuzenzakalelayo, ushayela ama-electron nama-ion abuyele esimweni sokushajwa. Ingxenye yalawo mandla kagesi angenayo{2}igcinwa kabusha njengamandla angenawo amakhemikhali e-electrochemical, futhi ingxenye iba ukushisa.
Yingakho "ibhethri ligcina ugesi" lidukisa. I-current iyashaja ekuhambeni, futhi ikhona kuphela ngenkathi indlela yokuqhuba ivaliwe. Ibhethri elinqanyuliwe libamba{2}}i-voltage evuliwe egcwele kanye neziro yamanje - konke okunamandla, akukho ukugeleza. Amanani amane ahlobene kufanele ahlukaniswe:
- Amandla kagesi- amandla atholakalayo ngeyunithi ngayinye yenkokhiso
- Okwamanje- inani elihamba ngalo inkokhiso
- Umthamo wokushaja (Ah)- ingakanani imali engadluliswa
- Umthamo wamandla (Wh)- ungakanani umsebenzi kagesi okhona
Amandla Ashisayo: Ukulahlekelwa Okungenakuhlehliswa kanye Nokushisa Okubuyiselekayo
Ukushisa akuyona into ibhethri eklanyelwe ukuyigcina, kodwa ihlala iyingxenye yebhalansi yamandla, futhi ivela emithonjeni emibili ehlukene.
Ukushisa okungabuyiseleki ukulahlekelwa okumsulwa: Ukushisisa i-Joule kusuka ekungangeni kwangaphakathi, i-electrochemical polarization, i-ion-imikhawulo yezokuthutha, kanye nokusabela okusemaceleni. Ikhuphuka kakhulu nge-current, yingakho ukushaja okusheshayo kushisa.
Ukushisa okubuyisela emuva, noma ukushisa kwe-entropic, kuvela ekushintsheni kwe-entropy ekuphenduleni kwama-electrode ngokwawo. Kuye ngekhemistri, isimo sokushaja kanye nendlela yamanje, leli temu lingenza ukukhishwa kweseli ukushisa noma ukumunce. Kuyisizathu sokuthi imodeli ye-thermal ephelele idinga okungaphezu kwethemu lokumelana - nezinguquko zesigaba, ukuxuba imithelela kanye ne-reaction entropy wonke izinga lokushisa leseli le-shift.
I-Interfacial Electrostatic Energy: Yangempela Kodwa Encane
Kuwo wonke umngcele we-electrolyte-electrolyte, ama-electron aku-electrode nama-ion ku-electrolyte azihlela abe ungqimba oluphindwe kabili lukagesi. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kweshaji kudala inkambu yendawo eqinile futhi kubusa amandla e-electrode, ukusatshalaliswa kwe-ion kanye{1}}nokudlulisa kinetics.
Nokho, ayenzi ibhethri i-capacitor. I-capacitor ibamba amandla ayo amaningi asebenzisekayo ekuhlukaniseni amandla omzimba; ibhethri liyibamba isesimweni samakhemikhali kanye nesimo se-electrochemical. Ama-Supercapacitor ahlala phakathi kwakho kokubili, encike{2}}ekukwazini kongqimba okukabili kanye nokusabela kwendawo esheshayo. Ku-lithium-ion evamile, i-lead-asidi, i-alkaline noma iseli ye-ion ye-sodium-, umnikelo ohlanganisa ubuso ulolonga indlela ibhethri eliziphatha ngayo ngaphandle kokwengeza ngokunengqondo kulokho elikuphethe.
Indlela Ifomu Lamandla Anamandla Lishintsha Ngayo Ngesimo Sebhethri
| Isimo sebhethri | Kwenzekani emandleni |
|---|---|
| Iyashaja | Amandla kagesi angena; iningi liba amandla e-electrochemical agcinwe, amanye abe ukushisa |
| Ishajiwe futhi inqanyuliwe | Amandla amahhala e-Electrochemical aphethwe; I-voltage ikhona, i-voltage eqhubekayo ayikho |
| Iyakhipha | Amandla e-electrochemical agciniwe aguqula abe amandla kagesi nokushisa |
| Waphumula ngemva kokukhishwa | Amandla amahhala angasebenziseka kancane asala kusesimweni esikhokhisiwe |
| Ukuzikhulula{0}} | Ukusabela kwangaphakathi kancane kancane kudla amandla amakhemikhali agciniwe ngaphandle kokukhipha okuwusizo |
| Ukucekelwa phansi | Impahla esebenzayo ne-lithium ayitholakali unaphakade |
Amandla ebhethri akalwa kanjani
Ukucaciswa okumbalwa kuchaza ukuthi ibhethri lingenzani, futhi ukuyidida kuholela ekungaqondini okuningi kokuthi "likhulu kangakanani leli bhethri":
- Amandla (amp-amahora, Ah noma mAh)ukuthi ibhethri elingalethwa yimalini. Iselula engu-2,000 mAh inganikeza ama-amp angu-2 ihora elilodwa, noma ama-amps angu-0.5 kwamane. Uma leso silinganiso singaqondakali kuwe, inothi lethu livuliweukuthi sisho ukuthini isilinganiso sehora amp-ihora (Ah).uhamba ngayo.
- Amandla (amahora-watt, Wh)umsebenzi wangempela okhona. Phindaphinda umthamo nge-voltage: iseli engu-3.7 V, 2,000 mAh ibamba cishe u-7.4 Wh. Leyo nombolo iseduze nalokho iphesenti lebhethri yefoni yakho elilandelelwa ngempela.
- Ukuminyana kwamandla (Wh/kg)ukuthi angakanani amandla alingana esilinganisweni esithile. I-lithium{1}}okuvamileamaseliumhlaba ozungeze i-150-270 Wh / kg; ibhethri eliphelileiphaketheiphansi uma i-casing, izintambo, nokupholisa kufakiwe, yingakho izibalo zeleveli nepaki{1}}kungafanele zicashunwe ngokushintshana.
- Ukuminyana kwamandla (W/kg)ukuthi amandla angaphuma ngokushesha kangakanani, okubalulekile ngamathuluzi kagesi kanye nokusheshisa kwe-EV kanzima.
- Impilo yomjikelezoukuthi mingakhi imijikelezo yokushaja{0}}ibhethri elisindayo ngaphambi kokuba umthamo wehle ngokuphawulekayo, isilinganiso esiqondile sokuthi ukusabela kwalo kuhlehla kangakanani.
Lapho amandla "alahlekile" aya khona
Alikho ibhethri elibuyisa wonke amandla owafakile. Ukushoda akupheli; ishiya ikakhulukazi njengokushisa okuvela ekuphikisweni kwangaphakathi, ukunyakaza kwe-ion, nokusabela okuncane ohlangothini. Kuhlelo{2}}lwesikali se-lithium{3}}izinhlelo ze-ion, izilinganiso zobuchwepheshe ze-National Renewable Energy Laboratory zamukelaukuhamba kahle-okungaba ngu-85%, okusho ukuthi cishe u-1 kWh ku-1.18 kWh ngayinye egciniwe iyaphuma.
Lokho kulahlekelwa yingakho ukufakwa kwamabhethri amakhulu nezimoto zikagesi zidinga ukuphathwa kwe-thermal okusebenzayo: iphekhi ye-EV eshisisa lapho ishajwa ngokushesha kufanele ipholiswe ukuze ihlale iphephile futhi ivikele impilo yayo. Umthetho oyisisekelo awushintshi, nokho. Amandla kagesi ayangena, abe amandla angaba ngamakhemikhali ngesikhathi sokushajwa, futhi abuye aphume njengamandla kagesi ngesikhathi sokuphuma. Ibhethri ligcina futhi likhiphe amandla kuphela; ayikudala neze.
Imibono eyiphutha evamile, isuliwe
- "Amabhethri agcina ugesi."Bagcina amandla amakhemikhali futhi bakhiqize ugesi lapho kudingeka. Ngeke ukwazi ukugcina amanzi agelezayo kunokugcina amanzi agelezayo.
- "Amandla ayancipha ngoba ishaja iyavuza."Iyafiphala ngenxa yezinguquko zamakhemikhali nezakhiwo ezingenakulungiseka kuma-electrode nama-electrolyte akha phezu kwemijikelezo eminingi.
- "Isimo sezulu esibandayo siqeda ibhethri."Ukubanda akususi amandla agciniwe; ibamba ukusabela, ngakho ibhethri iletha amandla amancane ize ifudumale. Inothi lethu kuukuthi izinga lokushisa liwathinta kanjani amabhethri e-lithiumihlanganisa lokhu ngokuningiliziwe.
- "Wonke amabhethri asebenza ngendlela efanayo."Bahlanganyela isimiso esisodwa kodwa basebenzisa amakhemikhali ahluke kakhulu, yingakho iseli ye-lithium-ingasebenzi njenge-alkaline.
Yini elandelayo kukhemikhali yebhethri
Ucwaningo oluningi luhlose umgomo ofanayo: ukugcina amandla amakhemikhali engeziwe ngephakeji elula, ephephile,{0}}ehlala isikhathi eside.Amabhethri esimo esiqinile-shintsha i-electrolyte ewuketshezi ube eqinile futhi ingase inike amandla ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu kanye nokuphepha okuthuthukisiwe, nakuba ukusebenza kwezentengiselwano kusancike empilweni yomjikelezo, ukukhiqizwa, ukuzinza kwesixhumi esibonakalayo, kanye nezindleko; ibhlokhi yokwakha ihlanganiswe esingenisweni sethuama-electrolyte aqinile. Ama-anode e-siliconingabamba i-lithium eningi kune-graphite, engase ikhulise umthamo weseli.I-Lithium-sulphurikhemistri ihlinzeka ngokuminyana kwamandla okucatshangelwayo okuphezulu, kodwa amaseli angempela awafinyeleli namuhla ngenxa yokuthi isibabule siyawohloka ngesikhathi sokuhamba ngebhayisikili.I-sodium-ionihweba ngokuminyana kwamandla athile ukuze bathole izinto eziningi-ezibiza izindleko eziphansi, ezifanele indawo emile lapho isisindo singabalulekile kangako. Akukho kulokhu okushintsha umqondo oyinhloko, ukuthi angakanani amandla amakhemikhali angabamba.
Q: Ingabe amandla akukhemikhali yebhethri noma kagesi?
A: Ikhemikhali, ngenkathi igcinwa. Amandla ahlala kumabhondi phakathi kwama-athomu ku-electrode nezinto ze-electrolyte. Iba amandla kagesi kuphela ngesikhathi sokushaja okusebenzayo noma ukushajwa, lapho ama-electron edlula kusekethe.
Umbuzo: Ingabe ukushaja kuyawuthela ugesi ebhethrini?
IMP: Cha. Ukushaja kusebenzisa ugesi ukuze kubuyisele ukusabela kwangaphakathi emuva, kwakhiwe kabusha izinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali ezigcina amandla. Ubuyisela ikhemistri, awugcwalisi isiqukathi samanje.
Umbuzo: Kungani ngingakwazi ukushajwa kabusha ibhethri elivamile le-alkali?
IMP: I-zinc yayo ne-manganese dioxide ephendulayo ayihlehli ngokuhlanzekile. Ukuzama ukushaja ngenkani kungabangela ukuvuza noma ukuqhekeka esikhundleni sokubuyisela umthamo, yingakho amaseli e-alkaline ethengiswa njengokusetshenziswa{1}okukodwa.
Q: Kungani amabhethri efudumala lapho eshaja noma eshajwa?
A: Ukuguqulwa phakathi kwamakhemikhali namandla kagesi akusebenzi kahle ngokuphelele. Ukumelana nokunyakaza kwe-electron ne-ion, kanye nokusabela okuncane kwezinhlangothi, kuguqula amandla athile abe ukushisa. Ukushaja okusheshayo noma ukusebenzisa kanzima kusheshisa lezo zinqubo futhi kukhiqiza ukushisa okwengeziwe.
Q: Ibhethri lingabamba ukushajwa isikhathi esingakanani?
A: Ngokuvamile iminyaka, ngokuzikhulula kancane kancane. Amaseli e-alkaline agcina amandla awo amaningi iminyaka eminingana eshalofini, futhi amaseli e-lithium angasebenzi{2}}alahlekelwa amaphesenti ambalwa kuphela ngenyanga, ngezinga lokushisa nesimo sokushaja okuyizinto ezinkulu kakhulu.
Okuthathwayo okubalulekile
- Ibhethri ligcina amandla amakhemikhali anamandla kumabhondi e-electrode yalo nezinto ze-electrolyte.
- Lawo mandla amakhemikhali aba amandla kagesi ngokusabela kwe-redox kuphela lapho isekethe ivaliwe.
- Ukushaja kuqhuba ukusabela ngokuhlehla; yakha kabusha i-chemistry esikhundleni sokujova ugesi.
- I-Lithium-ion, i-lead-asidi, i-alkaline, namaseli e-sodium-asebenzisa ukusabela okuhlukile kodwa umgomo ofanayo oyisisekelo.
- Ukusebenza kahle kohambo-okujikelezayo kuvamise ukuthi kube ngu-85%, namandla alahlekile ahamba kakhulu njengokushisa.
Lo mhlahlandlela walungiswa futhi wabuyekezwa ngokobuchwepheshe ithimba labahleli be-Polinovel energy storage, lisebenzisa imithombo eshicilelwe evela eMnyangweni Wezamandla wase-US, I-National Renewable Energy Laboratory, kanye ne-Chemistry LibreTexts.