Amasistimu okugcina amandla avuselelekayo asetshenziswa ezindaweni ezine zegridi eziyinhloko: -ezitholakala nemithombo yokukhiqiza, ngaphakathi kwamanethiwekhi okudlulisela, eziteshini zokusabalalisa ezincane, nangemuva kwamamitha ekhasimende. Indawo ngayinye isebenzisa izinjongo ezihlukile ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zegridi, izici zomnotho, nezidingo zokuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo.
Igridi-Ukusetshenziswa Kwesikali Emasayithini Esizukulwane
Indlela eqondile yokusatshalaliswa ibandakanya ukubeka izinhlelo zokugcina amandla avuselelekayo ngqo ezindaweni zokuphehla. Lelisu{1}}lendawo selidume kakhulu, libalelwa ku-40% wokusetshenziswa kwamabhethri amasha ngo-2024 uma kuqhathaniswa nokucishe kube ngu-50% ngo-2023.
Amaphrojekthi e-Solar-plus{1}}esitoreji abusa lesi sigaba. I-Gemini Solar Project e-Nevada, eqale ukusebenza ngokugcwele ngoJulayi 2024, ihlanganisa ipulazi lelanga lelanga elingu-690 MW nesistimu yebhethri engu-380 MW/1,416 MWh. Lokhu kulungiselelwa kuthwebula ukukhiqizwa kwelanga okudlulele ngesikhathi samahora okukhiqiza aphakeme futhi kuthunyelwa phakathi nenani eliphakeme lakusihlwa lapho ukuphuma kwelanga kwehla.
I-Co-indawo inikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa. Izindleko zokufaka zehla ngo-10-15% lapho isitoreji sabelana ngengqalasizinda nezindawo zokuphehla, okuhlanganisa ama-transformer, ukuxhuma amagridi, nokuqashiswa komhlaba. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, lokhu kusetha kunciphisa ukulahleka kokudlulisela njengoba amandla engahambi amabanga amade ngaphambi kokugcinwa.
Nokho, imingcele yendawo ibalulekile. Amapulazi omoya ezindaweni ezikude anezinsiza ezinamandla kodwa amandla okudlulisela alinganiselwe azuza kakhulu{1}}kusitoreji sesayithi. I-Texas yasebenzisa u-6.4 GW womthamo webhethri elisha ngo-2024, nokufakwa okuningi emapulazini omoya eWest Texas lapho ukuminyana kokudlulisela ngokomlando kwanciphisa u-5-8% wokukhiqiza umoya.
Ngo-2024, i-US yayisingeze ngaphezu kuka-9.2 GW womthamo webhethri omusha, no-3.2 GW kumasistimu ayingxubevange{5}}ikakhulukazi i-solar-kanye{7}}nezilungiselelo zesitoreji. Lezi zinombolo zigqamisa ukuqashelwa okukhulayo kokuthi amasistimu okugcina amandla avuselelekayo asebenza kahle kakhulu lapho esetshenziswa lapho ukukhiqizwa kwenzeka khona.
I-Transmission Network Integration
Ukukhipha amasistimu okugcina amandla avuselelekayo ngaphakathi kwamanethiwekhi okudlulisela kusingathwa inselele ehlukile: ukuhambisa amandla kusuka-ezifundeni ezicebile ukuya ezikhungweni zokufuna izikhungo ngaphandle kokwakha izintambo zokudlulisela ezintsha ezibizayo.
Iphrojekthi yaseJalimane ye-Netzbooster (Grid Booster) ibonisa le ndlela. Isistimu yebhethri engu-250 MW e-Kupferzell, ehlelelwe ukuqedwa ngo-2025, ihlala endaweni enkulu yegridi. Igcina amandla omoya engeziwe avela enyakatho yeJalimane futhi iwakhiphe lapho izikhungo zezimboni eningizimu zidinga ugesi, zandisa ngempumelelo umthamo wokudlulisela ngo-20-30% ngaphandle kokwengeza izintambo.
I-California ne-Texas zenza u-61% wokuthunyelwa kweleveli yokudlulisela{3}}yesitoreji sase-US. Endaweni ye-CAISO yase-California, u-6 GW womthamo wokugcina usebenza ezindaweni zegridi zamasu, esiza ukulawula ukuthutheleka okukhulu kwezwe kwamandla elanga asogwadule adinga ukufinyelela emadolobheni asogwini. I-Australia ihlela amaphrojekthi afanayo, ngohlelo lwama-MW angama-300 eduze kwaseVictoria oluklanyelwe ukuthumela ugesi phakathi kwezifundazwe, okwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwengqalasizinda yokudlulisa ekhona.
Indaba yezomnotho yokudlulisa{0}}amasistimu okulondoloza amandla avuselelekayo ezingeni liyaqina ezindaweni ezinokuminyana kwegridi ephezulu. Uma izintambo zokudlulisela zifinyelela umthamo, izinsiza zinganciphisa ukukhiqizwa okuvuselelekayo noma zikhokhele amajeneretha ukuze zivale{2}}zombili izinketho ezibizayo. Isitoreji ku-bottleneck points sithwebula-okumoshe amandla.
Lokhu kufakwa kudinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela. Ama-opharetha egridi afana ne-CAISO ne-ERCOT (Texas) kufanele baxhumanise ukuthunyelwa kwesitoreji{1}}ngokugeleza kokudlulisela kwesikhathi sangempela. Amaphrojekthi ngokuvamile asukela ku-100 MW kuye ku-500 MW, amakhulu ngokwanele ukuba abe nomthelela obonakalayo ekuhambeni kwamandla esifunda kodwa alinganiswe ukuze ahambisane nezingqinamba ezithile zokudlulisela.
Isistimu Yokusabalalisa kanye Nokuthunyelwa Kwesiteshi Esingaphansi
Ukwehla nomfula, amasistimu okugcina amandla avuselelekayo eziteshini ezincane zokusabalalisa kanye nemigqa yokusabalalisa kunikeza izidingo zegridi yendawo. Lokhu kufakwa akuvamile ukuba kweqe ku-50 MW kodwa kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuzinzeni nasekuthembekeni kwegridi.
Ileveli yokusabalalisa-yekheli ikhuluma nokuguquguquka kwamandla kagesi okubangelwa ukukhiqizwa okuguquguqukayo okuvuselelekayo. Lapho i-solar ephezu kophahla iwa ngokuzumayo ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi phakathi nefu elidlulayo, isitoreji singafaka amandla ngaphakathi kwama-millisecond ukuze sigcine ukuqina kwamandla kagesi. Lolu hlelo lokusebenza luqhube ukuthunyelwa ezindaweni ezinokukhanya kwelanga okusatshalaliswe kakhulu, ikakhulukazi eCalifornia naseHawaii.
Ukushefa okuphezulu kumelela elinye icala lokusetshenziswa kokusabalalisa. Ngezikhathi zantambama zasehlobo ezishisayo lapho isimo somoya silayisha i-spike, ama-transformer okusabalalisa angalayisha ngokweqile. Isitoreji esishajwe phakathi-namahora aphakeme kakhulu singanezela ukunikezwa kulawa mawindi aphakeme amahora angu-3-4, kuhlehliswe ukuthuthukiswa kwe-transformer ebizayo. Izinsiza e-Arizona nase-Texas zisebenzise ngaphezu kuka-500 MW walezi zinhlelo kusukela ngo-2023.
I-Moss Landing Power Plant e-California, nakuba inkulu ku-750 MW, ibonisa izinzuzo zokusabalalisa ngezinga eliphezulu. Itholakala eduze kwesikhungo esikhulu sasemadolobheni, idla ngokuqondile kumanethiwekhi okusabalalisa endawo, igwema ukuminyana kokudlulisela okuthinta izindawo ezikude kakhulu.
Ukutshala imali ekusabalaliseni{0}}amasistimu okulondoloza amandla avuselelekayo ezingeni liyakhula ngesivinini. Umgomo waseNew York ongu-6 GW wokugcina amandla ngo-2030 uqondise ngokusobala izinhlelo zokusebenza zokusabalalisa, ngo-1,500 MW obelwe amasistimu-esikali esikalo omphakathi axhuma kumaleveli kagesi wokusabalalisa.
Ngemuva-{{1}Kwamasayithi Amakhasimende Emitha
Isigaba sesine sokuphakelwa sibeka amasistimu okugcina amandla avuselelekayo endaweni yekhasimende-izindawo zokuhlala, ezohwebo, noma izimboni. Lezi ezingemuva-zezinhlelo zemitha (i-BTM) zisebenza ngokuyinhloko ukuze kuzuze ikhasimende kunosekelo lwegridi, nakuba zisebenza ngokuqhubekayo zombili lezi zinhloso.
Isitoreji sezindawo zokuhlala senyuke kakhulu e-California kulandela ushintsho lwenqubomgomo ye-NEM 3.0 ngo-2024. Ukufakwa{2}}kwekota yokuqala kwezindawo zokuhlala kufinyelele ku-250 MW, amanani okunamathiselwe (isitoreji esibhangqwe nelanga) afinyelela ku-46%. Abanikazi bezindlu bafaka isitoreji ukuze basebenzise{6}}ukuzisebenzisela amandla elanga ophahleni futhi balondoloze amandla ekhophi yasenqolobaneni ngesikhathi sokucima, okuye kwanda imvamisa ngenxa yokuvalwa komlilo wequbula{7}}okuhlobene.
Ukuthunyelwa kwezentengiselwano nezimboni kugxile ekwehliseni izindleko zikagesi. Izindleko ezifunwayo{1}}izindleko ezisuselwe ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla okuphezulu{2}}zingamela u-30-50% wenkokhelo kagesi wesikhungo. Ngokukhipha isitoreji ngesikhathi sesidingo esikhulu, amabhizinisi azehlisa kakhulu lezi zindleko. Izikhungo zedatha nezindawo zokuxhumana ziye zamukele ikakhulukazi le ndlela, njengoba opharetha abambalwa abakhulu beshintshela kumasistimu ebhethri ye-lithium-ion njengomthombo wabo wamandla oyisipele oyinhloko.
Izakhiwo zezimboni{0}}ezikhiqiza amandla avuselelekayo esizeni zizuza kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokugcina amandla avuselelekayo e-BTM. Izitshalo ezikhiqizayo ezinama-solar ophahleni noma izinjini zomoya ezincane zisebenzisa isitoreji ukuze bushelelezi ukuhlukahluka kokukhiqiza futhi ziqinisekise amandla angashintshi emishini ebucayi. Ngaphezulu kwamapaki ezimboni angu-200 esiFundazweni sase-Jiangsu sase-China afake -ngezinhlelo{5}}zesitoreji samamitha kusukela ngo-2018.
Ingxenye yesitoreji esabalalisiwe ifake u-238 MW/510 MWh ku-Q2 2024 iyodwa. U-Wood Mackenzie ubikezela u-12 GW wesitoreji sokuhlala kanye no-2.5 GW wokufakwa kwezentengiso phakathi kuka-2024-2028. Lokhu okungemuva{8}}kokusetshenziswa kwamamitha kuya ngokuya kubamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni zamasevisi egridi, okuvumela izinsiza ukuthi zihlanganise amasistimu amaningi amancane abe "izitshalo zamandla abonakalayo" ezihlinzeka ngosekelo lwegridi ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo.
Izici zezinqumo zokusatshalaliswa
Izinto ezimbalwa zinquma izindawo ezifanele zokuphakela zamasistimu okugcina amandla avuselelekayo. Ukuqonda lokhu kusiza onjiniyela, izinsiza, kanye nama-opharetha wegridi ukuthi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi lwendawo.
Izindleko Zokuxhuma Igridi: Ngemuva--kwemitha nokusabalalisa{2}}ukuthunyelwa kweleveli kugwema izinkokhelo zokuxhuma kwegridi ezibizayo amaphrojekthi{3}}ahlangabezana nazo. Isistimu yesikali-yesikali ingase isebenzise u-$50-150 kW ngayinye kungqalasizinda yokuxhumana, kuyilapho ngemuva{8}}ukufakwa kwamamitha kuphakamisa uxhumo olukhona lwamakhasimende.
Imali engenayo: Indawo inquma amathuba atholakalayo emali engenayo. Isitoreji{1}}sezinga lokudlulisela singafinyelela izimakethe zamandla amakhulu, izinkokhelo zamandla, kanye nezinsiza ezihambisanayo. Amasistimu amaleveli wokusabalalisa{3}}azuza imali ngokuhlehlisa ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda yensiza. Ngemuva{{5}kokufakwa{6}}kumamitha kukhiqiza inani ngokuyinhloko ngokonga kwebhili yekhasimende, nakuba izinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe ziya zinikeza inzuzo yesevisi yegridi.
Izidingo Zesikhathi Sokuphendula: Izindawo zegridi ezihlukile zidinga isivinini sokuphendula esihlukile. Amasistimu okugcina amandla avuselelekayo{1}ezinga lokudluliswa angase ashaje futhi achithe imijikelezo engaphezu kwama-4-yamahora afana nokunikezwa kwesifunda{5}}amaphethini esidingo. Isitoreji{7}}sileveli yokusabalalisa kufanele siphendule ngemizuzwana ekuguquguqukeni kukagesi. Ngemuva{8}amasistimu okuthengisa amamitha ngokuvamile alandela amaphethini abikezelwa nsuku zonke ahlobene nokusebenza kwesikhungo.
Inqubomgomo kanye Nendawo Yokulawula: Izinqubomgomo zezwe zithonya kakhulu amaphethini okuthunyelwa. Igunya lesitoreji sase-California liqhubekisele phambili umsebenzi-ukwakhiwa kwesikali{2}}ngaphandle, kuyilapho i-New York igxile ekusabalaliseni okuthandwayo okuthandwayo kanye{3}}nezinhlelo zesayithi zamakhasimende. Imakethe yase-Texas eyehlisiwe yokulawula ikhuthaze amaphrojekthi weleveli yokudluliselwa komthengisi{5}}esabela kumasiginali wentengo. Ngo-2024, i-California yayisino-12.5 GW womthamo wokugcina ofakiwe uma uqhathaniswa no-8 GW wase-Texas, naphezu kokuthi i-Texas idlula i-California ekufakweni okusha konyaka.
Ukutholakala Komhlaba kanye Nezindleko: Ukudlulisa kanye nokwenza{0}}indawo yokugcina idinga indawo enkulu. Amasistimu ebhethri adinga cishe ihektha elingu-1 ngo-10-20 MW ngamunye, kanye nezindawo zebhafa yokuphepha. Iphrojekthi yezinga lokusatshalaliswa kwedolobha{8}}ivame ukuphinda isebenzise izakhiwo ezikhona noma amasayithi e-brownfield. Iphrojekthi ye-Moss Landing, isibonelo, ithatha indawo yesikhungo segesi yemvelo esesathatha umhlalaphansi. Ngemuva{9}kokusetshenziswa kwamamitha kusetshenziswa indawo yekhasimende, ukugwema ukutholwa komhlaba okuhlukene.
Izidingo Zegridi Yasendaweni: Ama-opharetha egridi akhomba izindawo ezithile lapho isitoreji sinikeza inani eliphezulu. Ucwaningo lwe-CAISO lwango-2024 luhlonze 40+ izindawo eziyizingqinamba zokudlulisela lapho amasistimu okulondoloza amandla avuselelekayo angase ahlehlise u-$2 billion ekuthuthukisweni kokudlulisela. Lokhu kuthunyelwa okuhlosiwe kunikeza imbuyiselo ephezulu kunokufakwa okuvamile ezindaweni ezingenazo imingcele.
Amaphethini Okuthunyelwa Okusafufusa
Amathrendi akamuva abonisa amasu okuthunyelwa athuthukayo asuselwa ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe nolwazi lwemakethe. Ubude besikhathi-ukuthi isitoreji singaphuma isikhathi esingakanani ngamandla aphelele{2}manje siyahlukahluka ngendawo, ngamasistimu aklanyelwe ukufanisa izidingo zendawo.
Ukufakwa kwe-Texas isilinganiso samahora angu-1.7 obude besikhathi sokukhishwa, okufana neziqongo ezibukhali zesidingo sakusihlwa sezwe. Amasistimu ase-California isilinganiso cishe amahora angu-4, okubonisa izikhathi ezinde zesidingo sakusihlwa ngemva kokuphela kokukhiqizwa kwelanga. Amaphrojekthi ase-Latin America avela anobude besilinganiso samahora angu-4.2, aqondise izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlanganisayo ezivuselelekayo ezibanzi.
Osayizi bephrojekthi bakhula ngokushesha. Ngo-Q3 2024, onjiniyela base beqale ukwakha ku-14.2 GW womthamo webhethri omusha, ngamaphrojekthi angu-140 ngaphezu kwe-1 GWh ehlelelwe u-2025-26. Amaphrojekthi angamashumi amathathu eqa u-2 GWh{11}}okulingana namasistimu angu-500 MW asebenza amahora angu-4. Lokhu kufakwa okukhulu, obekungacatshangwa eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, kuthetheleleka ekuxhumekeni kokudlulisela okuzinikele kanye nezifundo zokuhlanganisa igridi yesayithi ethile.
Ukulungisa kabusha ingqalasizinda ekhona kumele enye iphethini evelayo. Izinsiza ziguqula izimboni zikaphethiloli esezithathe umhlalaphansi zibe amasistimu okugcina amandla avuselelekayo, zisebenzise ukuxhumana okukhona kwamagridi, umhlaba, nezimvume. I-FirstLight Power ihlela ukumiselela isikhungo sayo esiphezulu sase-Connecticut ngamabhethri ngo-2025. I-New York ihlongoze ukuguqulwa okufanayo kwezitshalo eziningi ze-fossil peaker, okungcono kakhulu ngo-2030.
Ipayipi lomhlaba wonke kuze kube ngu-2030 manje selingaphezu kuka-1 TWh wamaphrojekthi ahleliwe, -okuphindwe ngenkulungwane kusuka kumazinga ka-2021. Izifunda ezintsha ezifana ne-Central ne-Eastern Europe, i-Saudi Arabia, ne-Chile zakha izimakethe zamandla nezinhlelo zokuthenga eziklanyelwe ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwesitoreji.
Ukucatshangelwa Okusebenzayo Kokukhethwa Kwesayithi
Onjiniyela abahlola izindawo ezithile zokuphakelwa kufanele bahlole izici ezimbalwa ezisebenzayo ezingaphezu kwamasu{0}}ezinga eliphezulu. Le mininingwane ivamise ukunquma ukusebenza kwephrojekthi.
Izimvume kanye nokuklanywa kwezindawo: Imithetho yendawo ihluka kakhulu. Ezinye izindawo zihlukanisa ukugcinwa kwebhethri njengezisetshenziswa zezimboni ezidinga ukubuyekezwa okubanzi kwemvelo. Abanye bayithatha njengama-transformer anemvume ehlelekile. I-New York idale izindinganiso ezikhethekile zokuphepha komlilo zokugcinwa kwamandla kulandela izigameko eziningana ze-2023, ezidinga imishini yokuphepha eyengeziwe kanye nezithiyo. Ngemuva-kumamitha-amasistimu okuhlala abhekana nemikhawulo yenhlangano yabanikazi bezindlu kweminye imiphakathi, nakuba izifundazwe eziningi ziphasise imithetho ekhawulela leyo mikhawulo.
Ukufinyeleleka Kwesayithi: Ukufakwa kweleveli yokudlulisela nokusabalalisa{0}}kudinga ukufinyelela ekulungiseni nasekuphenduleni izimo eziphuthumayo. Amasayithi adinga yonke{2}imigwaqo yesimo sezulu esekela amaloli ezinto ezingamathani angu-40-. Ngemuva{6}kokufakwa kwamamitha ezindaweni zasemadolobheni kungase kubhekane nedokodo lokulayisha noma izithiyo zekheshi ukuze kuthunyelwe imishini.
Izimo Zemvelo: Ukweqisa kwezinga lokushisa kuthinta ukusebenza kwebhethri nempilo. Amasistimu ezindaweni ezishisayo njenge-Arizona adinga amasistimu okupholisa aqinile, angeza u-5-10% ezindlekweni zephrojekthi. Isimo sezulu esibandayo sidinga amasistimu okushisa. Ukufakwa ogwini kubhekene nezinkinga zokugqwala kwesifutho sikasawoti. Izindaba zengozi yezikhukhula-iziphepho zonakalisa ukufakwa okuningana kwe-Gulf Coast, okuqhube izidingo ezintsha zokuphakama.
Umugqa Wokuxhumanisa Igridi: Ngisho nezindawo ezikahle, izifundo zokuxhumanisa nokugunyazwa kuthatha izinyanga ezingu-18-36 zokudlulisela{12}}amaphrojekthi ngeleveli. I-US inepayipi lephrojekthi engu-519 GW (2024 Q2) ukuya ku-601 GW (2024 Q3), kodwa abaningi babhekana nokubambezeleka komugqa. Amaphrojekthi weleveli{15}}yokusabalalisa ahamba ngokushesha, ngokuvamile 6-izinyanga ezingu-12. Ukufakwa kwezindlu ezingemuva kwemitha kungase kuxhumeke emavikini.
Ukwamukelwa Komphakathi: Amasistimu amakhulu okugcina amandla avuselelekayo abhekana nokuphikiswa kwendawo kwezinye izindawo mayelana nokuphepha emlilweni, imithelela ebonakalayo, noma umsindo ovela kumasistimu okupholisa. Ukuxhumana nomphakathi kusenesikhathi kanye nezinqubo zokuphepha ezisobala ziyasiza. Amaphrojekthi agqamisa izinzuzo zendawo{2}}ukwethembeka kwegridi, izindleko zikagesi eziphansi, ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo{3}}ngokuvamile abhekana nezithiyo ezimbalwa.
Lapho lezi zici ezingokoqobo zihambisana nezizathu zamasu okuthunyelwa, amaphrojekthi aqhubeka kahle. Uma zishayisana, onjiniyela kufanele badizayine kabusha noma bathuthe, ngokunganaki izinzuzo zethiyori.
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Uyini umehluko phakathi-kwe-kwe{2}}kwemitha nangemuva--kokufakwa kwesitoreji samamitha?
Ngaphambi-kokuthi{1}}-amasistimu okulondoloza amandla avuselelekayo imitha axhumeka ngokuqondile kugridi yokusetshenziswa kumasayithi okukhiqiza, izintambo zokudlulisela, noma iziteshi ezincane zokusabalalisa. Bahlinzeka ngezidingo zegridi{4}ebanzi futhi babambe iqhaza ezimakethe zewholesale. Emuva--kumasistimu wamamitha afakwa endaweni yekhasimende ngokuyinhloko enikeza izidingo zamandla zalelo khasimende, nakuba angahlinzeka ngamasevisi egridi ngezinhlelo zokuhlanganisa. Umehluko oyinhloko ubunikazi kanye nenjongo eyinhloko{9}izinsiza noma ama-opharetha azimele angabanikazi bangaphambili{10}}kwe-ye{12}}yezimpahla zemitha yezinzuzo zegridi, kuyilapho amakhasimende engabanikazi{13}}kumasistimu wamamitha wokuzisebenzisela{15}}wokuzisebenzisa nokonga.
Ingabe ubude besikhathi besitoreji buthinta kanjani ukukhetha kwendawo yokuphakela?
Amasistimu obude-amafushane (1-amahora angu-2) asebenza kangcono eziteshini ezincane zokusabalalisa ukuze kusekelwe amandla kagesi kanye nangemuva--kumamitha amasayithi okulawula ukushaja okudingekayo. Amasistimu obude-obumaphakathi (amahora angu-2-4) afanele amasayithi okukhiqiza kanye namanethiwekhi okudlulisela okushintsha ukukhiqizwa kwe-solar ephakeme kakhulu kuya esidingweni sakusihlwa. Isitoreji sesikhathi eside (4-8+ amahora) siqondise izithiyo zokudlulisela kanye nokubamba iqhaza kwemakethe ye-wholesale lapho ukukhishwa okunwetshiwe kuthatha imijikelezo yamanani amaningi. Amasistimu ase-California amahora angu-4 abonisa izidingo zenqubomgomo zokukhava kusihlwa, kuyilapho amasistimu e-Texas amahora angu-1.7 ehambisana namathuba emakethe.
Ingabe amasistimu okugcina amandla avuselelekayo angasuswa ngemva kokuthunyelwa kokuqala?
Kuyenzeka ngokobuchwepheshe kodwa ngokwezomnotho kungenzeki kumasistimu esikali wosizo-. Iziqukathi zebhethri ziyi-modular futhi ziyahambiseka, kodwa ukuxhumana kwegridi kumelela izindleko ezinkulu kanye nento edla isikhathi esiningi{2}}. Uma sekuxhunywe nengqalasizinda yokudlulisa noma yokusabalalisa enama-transformer azinikele kanye nempahla yokuvikela, ukuthutha kuzophinda lezi zindleko. Emuva--kumasistimu okuthengisa amamitha kwesinye isikhathi ayathutha lapho amabhizinisi ehamba, kodwa ukufakwa okuningi kungunaphakade. Izivumelwano zokuqashisa zensiza-amaphrojekthi esikali ngokuvamile athatha iminyaka eyi-15-30.
Iyiphi indima edlalwa amanani kagesi wendawo ezinqumweni zokusatshalaliswa?
Ibalulekile ngemuva{0}}kokusetshenziselwa{1}}kumamitha lapho isitoreji sinqamula izakhiwo zenani lentengo. Isikhathi-so{4}}sokusebenzisa amanani anezinga eliphezulu/elivaliwe{5}}lokuhluka okuphezulu (California, Hawaii) senza isitoreji sibe nenzuzo enkulu. Izilinganiso eziyisicaba zinikeza inani elincane le-arbitrage. Izindleko ezifunwayo zidala izikhuthazo eziqinile zokufakwa kwezentengiso ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu. Ngaphambi{{9}kokuthi{10}}kumasistimu wamamitha, ukuguquguquka kwentengo ye-wholesale kubaluleke kakhulu{12}Imakethe yase-Texas ye-ERCOT ibonisa ukuguquguquka kwenani eliphezulu okuklomelisa isitoreji, kuyilapho izimakethe ezinentengo ezinzile zinikeza amathuba ambalwa. Abanye onjiniyela empeleni bafuna{14}}izindawo zamanani aphezulu{15}}ezishintshashintshayo kunezindawo{16}}zamanani aphezulu.
Impendulo incike ezimweni zakho ezithile kanye nemigomo yamandla. Ukuthunyelwa okuphelele kuhlanganisa amakhono obuchwepheshe, amathuba ezomnotho, kanye nezidingo zegridi ukuze kwakhiwe amasistimu azuzisa abanikazi kanye nengqalasizinda kagesi ebanzi. Ukuqonda ukuthi amasistimu okugcina amandla avuselelekayo angena kuphi ngaphakathi kwe-grid ecosystem eyinkimbinkimbi kusiza ababambiqhaza benze izinqumo ezikhulisa inani kuyilapho besekela ukushintshela kumandla okuhlanza.