Bheka, ngizoba neqiniso kuwe-ngenkathi ngiqala ukubuka ibhethri le-lithium ion ukuze ngigcine amandla elanga, ngakhungatheka ngokushesha. Wonke umuntu uphonsa ama-acronyms afana ne-LFP ne-NMC, ekhuluma ngempilo yomjikelezo nokujula kokuphuma koketshezi, kanye nengxenye yesikhathi lapho kuzwakala sengathi bazama ukukudayisela okuthile kunokuba bachaze ukuthi yini esebenzayo.
Ngakho-ke nakhu engikufundile ngemva kokukhuluma nabafaki abathathu abahlukene, ukubuyisela isistimu yebhethri eyodwa engazange isebenzele izidingo zami, futhi ekugcineni yahlala kokuthile okwenza umsebenzi ngempela.
Into Okungekho Umuntu Akutshele Ngayo Ngaphambili
Ngaphambi kokuthi singene kuyiphi ibhethri esebenza kahle kakhulu, kukhona leli qiniso elicasulayo:kuya ngokuthi usho ukuthini ngokuthi "okungcono kakhulu."
Ingabe sikhuluma ngokuhlala isikhathi eside? Ukugcina amandla amaningi? Ingabe inketho ephephe kunazo zonke uma unezingane ezigijimayo? Awubambi umlilo uma kukhona okungahambi kahle (yebo, lokho kuwukukhathazeka kwangempela)? Noma nje... ayibizi kakhulu njengemoto esetshenzisiwe?
Ngoba nansi into-ibhethri elilungele umakhelwane wami ongasebenzisi u-15 kWh ngosuku lihluke ngokuphelele kulokho okusebenzela umzala wami onehhovisi lasekhaya elinamaseva ahamba ngo-24/7 kanye ne-Tesla eshaja njalo ebusuku.
Okubalulekile Empeleni (Kusekelwe Ekusetshenzisweni Kwangempela)
Ngemuva kokwenza yonke le nqubo, ngingasho izinto ezintathu ezibaluleke kakhulu, futhi mhlawumbe aziyona into obungayilindela:
Okokuqala-kwezokuphepha.Ngiyazi, ngiyazi, kuzwakala kuyisicefe uma kuqhathaniswa nokuthi "mangakanani amandla engingawagcina?" Kodwa yingakho kubalulekile: lawa mabhethri ahlala egaraji lakho noma ngaphandle kwendlu yakho iminyaka engu-10-15. Ayashaja futhi akhiphe njalo. Ezinye izinhlobo zebhethri zisingatha kangcono ingcindezi yokushisa kunezinye, futhi ezinye zinerekhodi eliqinisekisiwe lokungabi nezinkinga zokubalekela ukushisa. Lokho kuyi-tech-speak yokuthi "ungabambi umlilo."
Amabhethri e-LFP (i-Lithium Iron Phosphate) ayawina lapha, izandla phansi. Zisetshenziswe endaweni yokugcina ilanga kusukela ngo-2010-ish futhi idatha yokuphepha iqinile. Ngikhulume nomngani womhloli womlilo owathi babone umlilo owodwa kuphela we-LFP emsebenzini wabo wonke, futhi lokho bekuvela ephutheni lokufaka, hhayi ibhethri uqobo.
Qhathanisa lokho nezinhlelo ezindala ze-NMC (Nickel Manganese Cobalt) zango-2016-2018-kube nezigameko ezanele lapho izinkampani zomshwalense ziqale ukubuza imibuzo. Amabhethri e-NMC amasha angcono, ungangizwa kabi, kodwa i-LFP inalelo rekhodi nje.
Into yesibili-ukuthi isebenza kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Ishidi elicacisiwe lithi imijikelezo engu-4,000 noma imijikelezo engu-6,000, kodwa lokho kungaphansi kwezimo ezifanele zelebhu. Kuthiwani uma kungu-95℃F egaraji lakho? Kuthiwani uma wenza imijikelezo yokukhishwa okuphelele ngoba ungekho-kugridi?
Ngifunde lokhu kabuhlungu ngebhethri lami lokuqala. Ilinganiselwe "imijikelezo engu-2,000," kodwa ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-18 zokusetshenziswa nsuku zonke ekushiseni kwaseTexas, umthamo wehla wafinyelela cishe ku-70%. Umkhiqizi uthe lokho "kwakungaphakathi kwamapharamitha avamile" ngoba bengikusebenzisa "{6}}emazingeni okushisa angewona alungile." Ukuhumusha: babazi ukuthi kuzokwehla ngokushesha ekushiseni kodwa bagqibe lolo lwazi ekhasini 47 lebhukwana.
Kushintshelwe ohlelweni lwe-LFP, futhi eminyakeni emibili kamuva lisekumthamo we-96%. Igalaji elifanayo. Ukushisa okufanayo. I-chemistry ehlukene.
Okwesithathu-futhi lokhu kusebenza{1}}kudlala kahle ngokusetha kwakho okukhona?Amanye amabhethri asebenza kuphela ngama-inverter athile. Abanye badinga amasistimu okuqapha okuphathelene. Ezinye azikwazi ukunwetshwa kamuva ngaphandle kokuthenga iyunithi yokulawula entsha.
Osebenza ngogesi wami wangitshela ukuthi ukhiphe amasistimu amabhethri amathathu ahlukene ngonyaka odlule ngoba abanikazi bezindlu bebefuna ukwengeza umthamo kodwa bathola ukuthi ibhethri labo belingekho imodular. Kwakumele baqale phansi. Kuyabiza lokho.
Ngakho Iyiphi Eyenza Kahle Kakhulu?
Kulungile, sisusa wonke umsindo-uma sikhuluma ngokusebenza okumsulwa kukho konke ukuphepha, ukuphila isikhathi eside, kanye{1}}nokwethembeka kwangempela emhlabeni,I-LFP chemistry iwina isitoreji selanga sasekhaya. Hhayi ngisho eduze.
Kodwa ake ngephule izinketho zangempela ngoba kukhona okungafani lapha:
I-LFP (I-Lithium Iron Phosphate) - I-Workhorse Ethembekile
Yilokhu engigcine ngakho, futhi lokho iningi labafaki belanga elikuphushayo manje ngesizathu esihle.
Izinto ezinhle:Lawa mabhethri asebenza nje. Baphatha 4,000-6,000 imijikelezo egcwele ngaphambi kokwehla kumthamo ongu-80%, okusho ukuthi iminyaka eyi-12-15 emakhaya amaningi. Azinzile aze afike ku-140℃F (ngihlole lokhu ngephutha ngenkathi igaraji lami lishaya u-127℃F ehlobo eledlule-ibhethri lalingenandaba). Zishaja kahle ngisho noma zigcwele kancane, okubaluleke kakhulu kunalokho abantu abakuqaphelayo.
Iphrofayili yokuphepha ihamba phambili embonini. Impahla ye-cathode izinzile ngokwemvelo. Ngisho noma ungayifingqa ngokuphelele{2}}futhi sicela ungayi{3}}ngeke ingene emazingeni okushisa njengamanye amakhemistri.
Okubi:Amakhulu. Ibhethri le-LFP ligcina amandla amancane ngephawundi ngalinye uma liqhathaniswa ne-NMC, ngakho-ke uma ugibela odongeni olunemikhawulo yesisindo, lokho kubalulekile. Ziphinde zibiza kakhulu kusengaphambili, nakuba isikhathi eside sokuphila ngokuvamile sihambisana nalokho.
Futhi-futhi akekho okhulume ngalokhu kuze kube ngemva kokuba ngithenge eyami-abenzi kahle kubanda kakhulu. Ngaphansi kuka-32℃F, ukushaja kuncipha kakhulu. Uma use-Montana noma kwenye indawo ethola ubusika obufanele, uzofuna ibhethri endaweni-elawulwa yisimo sezulu.
I-NMC (Nickel Manganese Cobalt) - Ukusebenza Okuphezulu Ngezinkanyezi
Amanye amajeneretha aphathwayo elanga nama-EV asebenzisa le khemistri ngoba ipakisha i-punch eyengeziwe ngephawundi ngalinye.
Lapho kukhanya khona:Ukuminyana kwamandla kumnandi. Ungagcina amandla angu-20-30% ngaphezulu endaweni efanayo ebonakalayo uma kuqhathaniswa ne-LFP. Uma isikhala siqinile noma udinga izixazululo zamandla aphathekayo, i-NMC inengqondo.
Lapho kungenzeki khona:Impilo yomjikelezo ngokuvamile iyimijikelezo engu-1,000-2,000 ngaphambi kokuwohloka okuphawulekayo. Lokho kulungile entweni oyisebenzisa ngezikhathi ezithile, kodwa ekugcinweni kwelanga nsuku zonke, ubheka iminyaka engu-3-5 yokuphila ubuningi. Futhi zizwela kakhulu izinga lokushisa futhi zidinga amasistimu okupholisa angcono.
Into yokuphepha ibalulekile nalapha. Amabhethri esimanje e-NMC anezinhlelo zokuphatha ezingcono kakhulu kunamadala, kodwa asasebenza kakhulu kune-LFP. Udinga ukupholisa okuqinile nokuqapha, okwengeza izindleko nobunkimbinkimbi.
Inkulumo yangempela:Ngicishe ngathenga isistimu ye-NMC ngoba ibishibhe ngo-$1,200 ngomthamo ofanayo olinganiselwe. Isifaki sami singixoxile ngakho, futhi ngiyajabula ukuthi senze kanjalo. Amakhasimende akhe amabili anamabhethri e-NMC kwadingeka awashintshe phakathi neminyaka emi-4. Khonamanjalo, amakhasimende akhe e-LFP kusukela ngo-2018 asasebenza kahle.
I-NCA (Nickel Cobalt Aluminium) - Inketho ye-Tesla
I-Tesla Powerwall isebenzisa le chemistry, okwenza abantu bacabange ukuthi iyona ndlela engcono kakhulu. Akukhona ngempela-ilokho u-Tesla akukhethe ngezizathu ezithile.
Yini eyenza kahle:Ukuminyana kwamandla okuphezulu, okufana ne-NMC. Ukukhipha amandla okuhle, okubalulekile uma usebenzisa imithwalo esindayo. Ukuhlanganiswa kukaTesla ne-ecosystem yabo akunamthungo uma usuvele ukulowo mhlaba.
Yini inkinga:Kuyabiza. Njengokuthi, kuyabiza ngempela. Ukhokhela uhlobo lwe-Tesla ne-ecosystem, hhayi nje ibhethri. Impilo yomjikelezo ihloniphekile (2,000-imijikelezo engu-3,000) kodwa ayihlukile. Iphrofayela yokuphepha iphakathi kwe-LFP ne-NMC-ingcono kune-NMC endala, ayizinzile njenge-LFP.
Inkinga enkulu ukukhiya-phakathi. Awukwazi ukunweba kalula -ngezingxenye ze-Tesla, futhi uma okuthile kuphazamiseka, ubhekene nesistimu yesevisi ye-Tesla, ... engahambisani, ake sithi.
I-LTO (Lithium Titanate) - I-Overachiever Ongeke Uyikhokhe
Ngifaka lokhu ngoba ungase ukubone kukhulunywe ngakho, kodwa empeleni, akuyona eyokuhlala.
Lawa mabhethri ashaja ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ahlala imijikelezo eyi-15,000-20,000. Cishe azinakonakala. Futhi zibiza 3-4x ngaphezulu kwe-LFP futhi zigcina amandla amancane ngeyunithi ngayinye yesisindo.
Uzowathola emabhasini kagesi, kumaphrojekthi wokuqinisa igridi, nasezinhlelweni zezempi. Okwelanga lasekhaya? Inani eliphelele futhi alikwazi ukusebenza ngokwezomnotho ngaphandle uma unezidingo eziqondile kanye nemali ongayishisa.
Kuthiwani Ngawo Wonke Lawo Mashadi Okuqhathanisa?
Cishe uwabonile amathebula eqhathanisa umthamo, impilo yomjikelezo, izindleko nge-kWh ngayinye, nezilinganiso zokuphepha. Ziwusizo kuphuzu, kodwa zigeja umongo obalulekile.
Isibonelo, ishadi lingabonisa i-NMC inokuminyana kwamandla "okuphezulu" futhi i-LFP ibe nokuminyana "okumaphakathi". Kuyiqiniso ngobuchwepheshe. Kodwa ngeke ikutshele ukuthi{2}}ezimeni zomhlaba zangempela ezinokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, lelo gebe liyancipha kakhulu ngoba i-NMC idinga ukuphathwa okushisayo okunolaka okumosha amandla.
Noma uzobona impilo yomjikelezo ibhalwe "njengemijikelezo engu-4,000" ye-LFP. Abakushoyo ukuthi amandla angama-80%, hhayi ukwehluleka ngokuphelele. Ibhethri le-LFP emijikelezweni engu-4,500 lingase libe kumthamo we-75% futhi lisebenziseke ngokuphelele. Ibhethri le-NMC elikumkhawulo walo womjikelezo olinganiselwe livame ukusebenza ngokufa.
Umbuzo Engifisa Ukube Ngiwubuzwe
Esikhundleni sokuthi "yikuphi okusebenza kahle kakhulu," omunye umuntu bekufanele angibuze:"Uzama ukwenzani empeleni?"
Uma ufuna amandla okwenza isipele ngokucima ngezikhathi ezithile-njengezikhathi ezimbalwa ngonyaka{1}}ngokweqiniso, ungase ungadingi ngisho nebhethri{2}}elisebenza kahle kakhulu. Uhlelo oluphakathi-nobubanzi olugcina isiqandisi sakho ne-inthanethi kusebenza amahora angu-8-12 luningi.
Uma uzama ukuphuma-kugridi noma uhamba ngebhayisikili nsuku zonke ukuze ugweme amanani aphezulu kagesi, yebo, udinga i-LFP noma uzobe ushintsha amabhethri njalo ngemva kweminyaka embalwa.
Uma ungumnikazi we-RV noma udinga amandla aphathekayo, umehluko wesisindo ubaluleke kakhulu kunokuphila isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke mhlawumbe i-NMC inengqondo naphezu kwempilo emfushane.
Isincomo Sami Sangempela
Kubantu abaningi abenza i-solar yokuhlala enesitoreji sebhethri:Hamba ne-LFP chemistry evela kumkhiqizi ohloniphekile.
Bheka amasistimu okuthi:
Iba nemijikelezo elinganiselwe okungenani engu-4,000
Bandakanya ukuphathwa kahle kokushisa (ikakhulukazi uma usesimweni sezulu esishisayo)
Ziyi-modular ukuze ukwazi ukunweba kamuva
Ube semakethe okungenani iminyaka engu-2-3 (gwema amasistimu amasha, angaqinisekisiwe)
Woza newaranti yonyaka engu-10+
Ungashibhi ngohlelo Lokuphatha Ibhethri (BMS). I-BMS enhle yenza ibhethri elimaphakathi lihlonipheke. I-BMS embi imosha ibhethri elihle. Buza isifaki sakho ngokuqondile nge-BMS{3}}uma singakwazi ukuyichaza ngokucacile, ifulegi elibomvu lelo.
Futhi into eyodwa futhi akekho okutshela yona: qiniseka ukuthi umshwalense womnikazi womuzi wakho ukhava isistimu yebhethri. Ezinye izinqubomgomo ezindala azikwenzi, futhi ngokuqinisekile ufuna lokho kubhalwe ngaphambi kokuthi kwenzeke okuthile.
Ukuhlola Kwangempela
Nakhu okuthile okungakongela imali: ibhethri elisebenza kahle kakhulu ephepheni lingase lingabi inketho engcono kakhulu esimweni sakho.
Ngichithe amasonto ngicabanga ngokuthola uhlelo "olungcono kakhulu", ngicwaninga zonke izici, ngifunda zonke isibuyekezo. Khona-ke isifaki sami saveza ukuthi uhlelo olumaphakathi-nolwesigaba se-LFP luzomboza u-100% wezidingo zami futhi lubize u-$4,000 ngaphansi kwenketho-yesigaba esiphezulu. Umehluko wokusebenza? Mhlawumbe ngingathola unyaka owengeziwe wempilo kanye nokushaja okushesha kancane engingeke ngikuqaphele ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke.
Kwesinye isikhathi "okwanele" kuhle ngokwanele, ikakhulukazi uma "okungcono kakhulu" kusho ukukhokha izintengo zeprimiyamu ezicini ongeke neze uzisebenzise.
Lapho Iya Khona Imakethe
Inothi elisheshayo kulokhu ngoba kuthinta izinqumo zokuthenga: amabhethri aqinile-esimo ahlala ehlanyiswa "into enkulu elandelayo" ekugcinweni kwamandla. Cishe bazoba ekugcineni. Kodwa okwamanje, ayabiza, ukukhiqiza kukhawulelwe, futhi ayikho idatha yesikhathi eside eyanele{3}}engingayincoma ngokutshalwa kwezimali kweminyaka eyi-10.
Namathela kubuchwepheshe obufakazelwe ngaphandle uma ujabulela ukuba yi-adopter yokuqala. Ngifunde leso sifundo nge-smart home tech-vumela omunye umuntu alungise iziphazamisi.
Umugqa Ongezansi
Ingqikithi engcono kakhulu yendawo yokuhlala yelanga: LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate)
Yimpendulo eyisicefe, kodwa iyacika ngoba iyasebenza. Ubuchwepheshe obuphephile,{1}obuhlala isikhathi eside, obufakazelwe, buphatha kahle ukugibela ibhayisikili nsuku zonke, futhi ngeke ukushintshe eminyakeni engu-3-4.
Uma udinga ngokuphelele ukuminyana kwamandla futhi uqonda ukuthi uzowabuyisela maduze, i-NMC ingasebenza. Uma uvaleleke ku-ecosystem kaTesla futhi izindleko zeprimiyamu zingakukhathazi, i-Powerwall ilungile.
Kodwa kubantu abaningi abafunda lokhu abafuna ukugcina amandla elanga, ukunciphisa izikweletu zabo zikagesi, futhi babe namandla okusekela lapho kudingeka? I-LFP yenza umsebenzi ngaphandle kwedrama, futhi lokho ngokwethembeka okungcono kakhulu ongakucela ebhethrini elizohlala egaraji lakho iminyaka eyishumi ezayo.