IIsistimu Yokugcina Amandla Ebhethri efakwe esitsheni(I-BESS) imele ukuhlangana kwe-modular power electronics, i-lithium-ion noma amakhemikhali ekhemistri ehlukile, kanye nesistimu engaphansi yokuphatha okushisayo ngaphakathi kwe-ISO{1}}iziqukathi ezijwayelekile ze-intermodal-ngokuvamile ezingu-20-ezibiyelwe ngamafidi angu-20 noma angu-40 ezikhiqiza u-1–5 weyunithi ngayinye ye-MWh esebenzisekayo. Ezindaweni zezimboni ezibhekene nezinhlawulo zezindleko zokufunwa, ingqalasizinda yegridi engathembekile, noma iziqondiso zokuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa okuvuselelekayo esizeni, ifomethi iye yavela njengesakhiwo esizenzakalelayo sokuphakelwa. Hhayi ngoba iphelele. Ngoba ezinye izindlela zimbi kakhulu.
Isizathu Sangempela Amafekthri Athenga Lezi Zinto
Asihlukane nolimi lokumaketha. Ama-opharetha ezimbonini awafaki amasistimu amabhethri-ezigidi{2}}ezigidi zamarandi ngoba anendaba "noguquko lwamandla" noma "ubuholi bokusimama." Bakwenza ngoba izindleko zikagesi zicekela phansi ama-margin.
Izindleko zokufunwa okuphezulu. Uma ungakaze ugqolozele umthethosivivinywa osetshenziswayo lapho ingxenye yokufunwa idlula ingxenye yamandla, ungase ungaqondi ukuthi lokhu kusebenza kanjani. Ezakhiweni eziningi zentela yezezimboni-ikakhulukazi ezimakethe ezifana ne-California, Germany, izingxenye zase-China{3}}u-opharetha wegridi ukala isilinganiso sakho esiphezulu semizuzu engu-15 esimaphakathi samandla akho njalo ngenyanga. Shaya u-2 MW imizuzu eyishumi nanhlanu ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, futhi ukhokhela lowo mthamo ongu-2 MW inyanga yonke. Akukhathalekile ukuthi wenza isilinganiso esingu-800 kW sonke isikhathi.
I-container engu-500 kWh ene-inverter engu-250 kW ingashefa lezo ziqongo. Hhayi ukuwaqeda. Ziphuce. Ezomnotho zisebenza uma izilinganiso eziphezulu-kuya{6}}ezimaphakathi ziphezulu futhi izinkokhiso zokufunwa zingaphezu kuka-$15-20/kW/ngenyanga. Ngaphansi kwalowo mkhawulo, inkokhelo inweba ngaphezu kwalokho ama-CFO amaningi azokubekezelela.
I-Peak-valley arbitrage omunye umdlalo osobala. Ishaja ngo-$0.04/kWh ngobusuku obubodwa, ikhiphe ku-$0.25/kWh phakathi neziqongo zantambama. Ukusatshalaliswa kuka-$0.21/kWh, umjikelezo owodwa ngosuku, izinsuku ezingu-300 ngonyaka, uhlelo lwe-2 MWh: imali engenayo yonyaka engu-$126,000 ngaphambi kokulahlekelwa okusebenzayo kanye nokuwohloka. Kuzwakala kukuhle uze uhlanganise izindleko zesistimu engu-$600,000-900,000. Inkokhelo yeminyaka emine kuya kweyisikhombisa kucatshangwa ukuthi akukho okuphulwayo futhi nesakhiwo sentela asishintshi. Yomibili imibono inethemba.
Kungani Iziqukathi Ngokuqondile
Ngichithe izinyanga ezintathu ngo-2022 ngisiza iphrosesa yensimbi ukuthi ihlole izinketho zesitoreji. Lesi sikhungo besinezingqinamba zesikhala-asinamabhilidi asele, indawo yaphansi elinganiselwe, kanye ne-CFO enqabile ukugunyaza ukwakhiwa okusha. Amasistimu esitsha awine ngokuzenzakalelayo.
I-agumenti ye-modularity ingokoqobo kodwa idlulele. Yebo, ungaqala ngeziqukathi ezimbili bese wengeza ezine kamuva. Empeleni, okokusebenza kokuguqula amandla, ukuxhuma kwegridi, nomsebenzi wesayithi akukali ngokomugqa. Ukwengeza iziqukathi ekufakweni okukhona kubiza cishe u-70-80% wendawo eluhlaza-i-MWh ngayinye, hhayi u-50% njengoba kusho izinto zokuthengisa. Kusengcono kunokuklebhula isistimu ehlanganiswe nesakhiwo, kodwa ungalindeli ukwanda okungenabuhlungu.
Okubalulekile ngempela:
Isivinini ekusetshenzisweni.Isiqukathi sifika{0}}sihlanganisiwe ngaphambili. Umkhiqizi usevele ukuxazululile ukufakwa kwemishini, umzila kagesi, nokusebenzisana kokuphatha okushisayo. Usonkontileka wakho we-EPC uxhuma amandla e-AC, asungule ukuxhumana, athumele isistimu. Amaviki ayishumi nambili ukusuka ku-PO kuya ekunikezeni amandla kuyafezeka. Zama lokho{5}ngegumbi lebhethri elakhiwe ngokwezifiso.
Ukusebenza kwe-thermal enclosure.Lokhu kutholakaliswa kancane. Izingosi zezimboni ziyizindawo ezinokhahlo-ezinothuli, izinga lokushisa elidlulele, isimo sezulu esibi kakhulu kwezinye izindawo. Isiqukathi sihlinzeka nge-IP55 noma isivikelo esingcono ngaphandle komsebenzi womphakathi owengeziwe. Amasistimu okupholisa (umoya owuketshezi noma ophoqelelwe) alinganiswa nevolumu evalekile. Iyunithi-eklanywe kahle igcina amazinga okushisa eseli ngaphakathi kwebhendi engu-15-35℃ikhemistri ye-lithium iron phosphate ekhethwayo nanoma i-ambient ifinyelela ku-45 degree.
Inani lensalela nokusetshenziswa kabusha.Uma isikhathi sokuqashisa siphelelwa yisikhathi, lapho indawo ivalwa, lapho udinga ukuhambisa umthamo uye endaweni ehlukile-amasistimu ahlanganisiwe angathuthwa. Ngizibonele mathupha amayunithi ehanjiswa ngamaloli esuka endaweni yokugcina impahla engasasebenzi eya esikhungweni esisha sokusabalalisa esiqhele ngamakhilomitha angama-200. Isikhathi esiphelele sokuphumula: izinsuku eziyishumi nanye kuhlanganisa nokuphinda kuthunyelwe. Zama ukuhambisa ukufaka unomphela.
Umbuzo we-LFP
I-Lithium iron phosphate inqobile. Okokugcina imboni emile, inkulumo-mpikiswano isiphelile.
I-NCM (i-nickel-cobalt-i-manganese) inikezela ngo-20-30% ophezulu wokuminyana kwamandla. Akunandaba. I-footprint yesiqukathi ayivamisile ukuba yisibopho esibophezelayo sokufakwa kwezimboni. Umhlaba uvame ukutholakala. Okubalulekile impilo yomjikelezo, ukumelana nokushisa okushisayo, kanye nomzila wezindleko.
I-LFP iletha imijikelezo engu-4,000-6,000 ku-80% wesimo sezempilo ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezifanele. I-NCM izabalaza edlule ku-3,000. Igebe lihlanganisa impilo yephrojekthi yeminyaka eyi-15. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, amaseli e-LFP awatholi ukushisa okungaphansi kuka-270 degree. Amaseli e-NCM aba nokungazinzi cishe ku-150 degree. Uma isiqukathi sakho sihlala eduze komugqa wokukhiqiza osebenzayo, leyo majini ibalulekile kumshwalense wakho ongaphansi komshwalensi uma kungenjalo kuwe.
Amajika ezindleko adlulile. Izintengo zamaphekhi e-LFP zehle ngaphansi kuka-$100/kWh ngasekupheleni kuka-2024 ukuze kutholwe ivolumu. I-NCM isalokhu ibiza ngo-15-25% ingenayo indlela ecacile yokulingana. Inzuzo yokuminyana kwamandla ibalulekile ngokomqondo kuma-EVs lapho ububanzi besisindo nomthamo wevolumu. Esiqukathini sokuthutha esingamathani angu-30 esihlezi phezu kwephedi likakhonkolo, akekho onendaba uma sisikhulu ngo-8%.
I-sodium-ion iyeza. I-CATL ne-BYD zombili zinemigqa yokukhiqiza ekhuphukayo. Impilo yomjikelezo ibukeka iqhathaniswa ne-LFP. Ukuminyana kwamandla kuphansi-mhlawumbe 120-140 Wh/kg uma kuqhathaniswa 160+ ne-LFP yamanje-kodwa futhi, izicelo ezimile azinandaba. Ukusebenza kwesimo sezulu esibandayo{12}kungcono ngempela; amaseli e-sodium asebenza kahle -ku-20℃lapho ikhemistri ye-lithium idinga ukushisisa. Ngeke ngicacise i-sodium-ion yephrojekthi namuhla, kodwa ngo-2026 noma ngo-2027 izoba inketho esemthethweni yokuthunyelwa okuzwela izindleko.
I-BMS: Lapho Amaphrojekthi Ehluleka Ngempela
Uhlelo lokuphatha ibhethri lunquma ukuthi impahla yakho engu-$800,000 izosebenza iminyaka engu-12 noma isha onyakeni wesi-3. Lokhu akulona ihaba.
Iseli-lokuqapha izinga likagesi. Inzwa yezinga lokushisa ngamaphoyinti amaningi ngemojuli ngayinye. Isilinganiso samanje sesimo-se{4}}sesibalo sezindleko. Ukulinganisa amasekhethi ukulinganisa ama-voltage eseli ngesikhathi sokushaja. Ukutholwa kwamaphutha nokuhlukaniswa. Ukuxhumana nesistimu{8}}yezinga lokuphathwa kwamandla.
I-BMS kufanele yenze konke lokhu, ngokuqhubekayo, amaseli angu-5,{1}} esitsheni esivamile, kuyilapho isebenza endaweni engafinyelela izinga lokushisa langaphakathi elingu-50℃ngesikhathi sokukhishwa okuphezulu, nomsindo kagesi osuka ku-500 kW wokushintsha isishintshi, kuhadiwe obiza u-$30/cell noma ngaphansi.
Uma ihluleka, ungase uthole ukuvala shaqa okuhle. Noma ungase uthole umcimbi oshisayo.
Sengiphenduke indida ngalokhu. Isincomo sami samanje: ungathengi iziqukathi zebhethri kubathengisi abangakhi i-BMS yabo. Ukuhlanganiswa phakathi kokuziphatha kweseli nama-algorithms okuphatha kubaluleke kakhulu. Abahlinzeki benkampani yangaphandle-ye-BMS abalungiselela abathengisi abaningi bamaseli abakwazi ukushuna ngokunembile njengabakhiqizi{4}}abahlanganisiwe abaqondile. I-CATL, BYD, EVE Energy, Hithium-lezi zinkampani zenza amaseli azo kanye ne-BMS yazo. Akuyona ingozi leyo.
Ukuphatha Okushisayo: I-Liquid Wins
Ukupholisa komoya bekujwayelekile kuze kube ngu-2020. Abalandeli. Ukudonsa. Kulula. Kushibhile.
Futhi ayanele ekucupheni{0}}okuminyana okuphezulu kwesimanje. Uma uphusha okungu-1.5 MWh kusiqukathi esingu-20-esingu-20-omanje esingafinyeleleka ngamaseli angu-314 Ah LFP{7}}isisindo sokushisa seqa umoya{11}}okusekelwe ekudlulisweni kokushisa. Uthola izindawo ezishisayo. Izindawo ezishisayo zisheshisa ukuwohloka. Ukuwohloka akufani, okugcizelela i-BMS, okuholela ekwehlulekeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwamaseli angaphandle, okuthi...
Ukupholisa uketshezi kunezela izindleko. Mhlawumbe u-$15,000-25,000 ngesitsha ngasinye uma uqhathanisa nomoya. Iphinde inike amandla ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, amazinga okushisa eseli angaguquguquki (±2℃kulo lonke iphakethe esikhundleni sika-±8℃), nokusebenza okungcono kakhulu ezimeni ezibucayi kakhulu.
Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni ezisesimweni sezulu esishisayo nokuhamba ngebhayisikili okumaphakathi, ukupholisa umoya kusasebenza. Kunoma yini-imijikelezo ejulile yansuku zonke, izindawo ezishisayo, -izinga elingaphezu kuka-0.5-cacisa uketshezi. I-premium yangaphambili ibuyisela impilo yekhalenda enwetshiwe.
Ukuxhumana Kwegridi: Ingxenye Okungekho Umuntu Okuxwayisa Ngayo
Ukhethe isiqukathi. Uxoxisane ngezintengo. Unesiza esinesikhala nengqalasizinda kagesi eyanele.
Manje udinga ukugunyazwa kosizo.
Kwezinye izindawo, lokhu kuwumthetho. Thumela isicelo soxhumano, linda izinsuku ezingama-30-60, thola imvume, faka. I-Germany isebenza cishe ngale ndlela kumasistimu angaphansi kwe-1 MW ezakhiweni zezimboni ezinoxhumo olukhona lwegridi.
Kwezinye izindawo-ingxenye enkulu ye-United States, izingxenye ze-Southeast Asia, ngokuya nge-China njengama-grid opharetha bayaqaphela{1}}umugqa wuhlelo lwephrojekthi. Izinyanga eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili zocwaningo lokuxhumanisa. Izinyanga eziyishumi nambili zokuthuthukiswa kwegridi. Ukulinda okuphelele: iminyaka emibili nengxenye kusukela ekufakweni kwesicelo ukuya kumvume yokusebenza.
I-container ithunyelwa emavikini angu-12.
Yenza umsebenzi wakho wesikole wasekhaya ngaphambi kokwenza imali. Khuluma nomele i-akhawunti yakho. Khuluma nonjiniyela abasanda kuqeda amaphrojekthi endaweni yakho yesevisi. Qonda ukujula komugqa kanye nobude besikhathi sokufunda obujwayelekile. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kunokucaciswa kwe-BMS noma ukupholisa izakhiwo zokunquma ukuthi iphrojekthi yakho iyenzeka ngempela yini.
Ukucindezelwa Komlilo: Namanje Akuzinzile
Akukho umkhuba ongcono kakhulu wokuvumelana. Noma ubani okutshela okuhlukile uthengisa okuthile.
Amasistimu we-aerosol. Ukucindezela-okususelwa kugesi (Novec 1230, FM-200, IG-541). Inkungu yamanzi. Ukucwiliswa koketshezi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Ngamunye unabakhulumeli. Ngayinye inamamodi okuhluleka.
Inkinga enkulu: umlilo webhethri le-lithium uyazisekela wona-. Uma ukugijima okushisayo kwanda kusuka kuseli kuya kuseli, ukucindezela kwangaphandle kunganensa kodwa kungavimbi ukusabela. Amaseli aqukethe i-oxidizer yawo. Awuwucishi umlilo; uphethe umcimbi wokubola kuze kube yilapho uphethiloli uphela.
Indawo yami yamanje: cacisa ukutholwa phezu kokucindezelwa. Izindlela eziningi zokuzwa ezizimele-zivaliwe-ukutholwa kwegesi, izinga lokushisa lokwenyuka, i-voltage engavamile. Bamba ukwehluleka kusenesikhathi, hlukanisa imojuli ethintekile, khipha umoya, futhi uvumele ukusha okulawulwayo uma kudingeka. Ukuzama ukucindezela umcimbi wokusabalalisa osebenzayo kuvame ukulibazisa okungagwemeki ngenkathi udala izingozi ezengeziwe kubaphenduli.
Kodwa kade ngenza iphutha. Imboni isafunda. Funda imibiko yesigameko. Ukuqhuma kwe-Arizona Public Service McMicken (2019). Umlilo waseBeijing Dahongmen (2021). Umlilo we-Liverpool Dingle warehouse (2024). Ngamunye wafundisa izifundo ezahlukene. Abekho abakhiqize isisombululo esiphelele.
Engingakucacisa Empeleni Namuhla
Lokhu kuchemile. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwami ukukhiqiza kwezimboni ezindaweni ezipholile ezinezidingo zokugibela amabhayisikili ezinolaka kanye namaqembu okuphatha izindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Isimo sakho siyehluka.
Ngohlelo lwama-MWh angu-2 oluqondise ukuncishiswa kwezindleko zokufunwa kanye ne-arbitrage ephezulu endaweni yokukhiqiza empumalanga ye-United States:
Ikhemistri:LFP, 280 Ah noma 314 Ah amaseli
I-Topology:Iziqukathi ezimbili ze-1 MWh kune-2 MWh eyodwa yokungadingeki
Ukupholisa:Uketshezi, ngisho nalolu hlelo lokusebenza olumaphakathi
I-BMS:Kuhlanganiswe ngokuqondile nomhlinzeki weseli
Ama-PC:500 kW isiqukathi ngasinye, kushiya i-headroom yezinsizakalo zegridi zesikhathi esizayo
Indawo ebiyelwe:20-ukulingana kwe-ISO kwamamitha angu-20, i-IP55, i-liquid-cooled power electronics compartment
Ukutholwa komlilo:Imodi-eningi (i-thermal, ivaliwe{1}}igesi, ukuqapha amandla kagesi)
Ukunciphisa umlilo:I-aerosol enezikhiye zokwenza umoya, izamcolo zamanzi zangaphandle njengesipele
Ukuqapha:Iselula kanye ne-Ethernet yocingo oluqinile, izindlela ezingafuneki
Isiqinisekiso:Iwaranti yomthamo weminyaka eyi-10 enejika elichaziwe lokucekela phansi kanye nendlela yokulungisa
Isabelomali: $400,000-500,000 i-MWh ngayinye efakiwe, kuye ngezimo zesayithi nobunkimbinkimbi bokuxhumana. Okuphezulu eCalifornia. Ngaphansi eTexas.
Inkokhelo elindelwe: 4-iminyaka engu-6 ezinhlakeni zamanje zentela kanye namazinga enzuzo. Isikhathi eside uma izindleko zokufunwa zehla. Kafushane uma ukwazi ukuthatha imali engenayo yesevisi ehambisanayo noma isikhathi{4}}sokusetshenziswa sinwebeka.
Isiphetho Esiqotho
Ukugcinwa kwamandla esitsheni akusona isisombululo esiwumlingo. Iwukhephithali{1}}ucezu lwesisetshenziswa samandla esidinga ukucaciswa okunekhono, ukufakwa okuphrofeshinali, nokuqapha okuqhubekayo. I-economics iyingxenye yezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi. Ubuchwepheshe buvuthwe ngokwanele ukuba buthembeke kodwa buncane ngokwanele ukuthi busakwazi ukukhiqiza ukwehluleka okumangalisayo ngezikhathi ezithile.
Kodwa.
Uma indawo yakho ibhekene nezindleko zokufunwa kwamadijithi amabili-eziphindwe kabili, uma uxhumano lwakho lwegridi lungathembeki, uma ufaka i-solar futhi udinga indawo ethile ukuze ubeke isizukulwane sasemini, uma izimfuneko zamandla ekhophi yasenqolobaneni njengamanje zikuphushela kuma-genset edizili nezindleko zawo zikaphethiloli ezihambisanayo kanye nokukhipha{1}}okuqukethe i-BESS cishe iyona ndlela embi kakhulu.
Leso isiphakamiso senani langempela. Hhayi "isixazululo samandla ahlanzekile esiguquguqukayo." Inketho embi okungenani. Kungqalasizinda yezimboni, lokho ngokuvamile kwanele ukuthethelela umyalo wokuthenga.